Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mental Health > Learning Disabilities, Down's Syndrome, and Autism > Flashcards

Learning Disabilities, Down's Syndrome, and Autism Flashcards

1
Q

Define learning disability

A

Subaverage intellectual functioning, alongside deficits in at least 2 areas of adaptive functioning, that occurs before the age of 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What IQ range do LDs tend to lie in?

A

IQ below 70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the adaptive skills?

A 
Communication
Self care
Home living
Social skills
Community use
Self direction
Health and safety
Functional academics
Leisure
Work
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the range for a Borderline IQ?

A

70-84

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the range for a Mild LD IQ?

A

50-69

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the range for a Moderate LD IQ?

A

35-49

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the range for a Severe LD IQ?

A

20-34

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the range for a Profound LD IQ?

A

Below 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the characteristics of a borderline LD?

A

Subtle - live independantly but still vulnerable.

Experience communication difficulties. School drop-out or in special education. Struggle to keep a job. Risk of relationship abuse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the characteristics of a mild LD?

A

Relative independence, however abstract concepts are difficult (e.g. perception of time). May have paid employment. Require varing levels of care.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the characteristics of a moderate LD?

A

Basic communication skills, require supervision with self care. Live in supported accommodation. Can engage in structured programmes/workshops.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the characteristics of a severe LD?

A

Very limited communication, motor impairment, need supervision for ADLs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the characteristics of a profound LD?

A

Require 24 hour supervision, often have multiple co-morbidities. Inner world largely unavailable to others due to communication difficulties.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are learning disabilities confused with?

A

Learning difficulties i.e. dyselxia, dyspraxia, dyscalclia (SP??), ADHD or ASD (issues with concentration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Can someone develop a learning disability after the age of 18?

A

No, it’s a developmental issue rather than an aquired disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the main cause of a learning disability?

A

Unknown -majority of cases have no known cause, especially with borderline/mild

17
Q

What is the most common inherited cause of learning disabilities?

A

Fragile X Syndrome

18
Q

What is Fragile X Syndrome?

A

A genetic disorder caused by a gene mutation. The gene normally codes for a protein, and may be involved in the development of synapses, as well as some other functions.

19
Q

What is the most common genetic cause of learning disabilities?

A

Down’s syndrome

20
Q

Worldwide, what is the most common cause of LDs?

A

Malnutrition and starvation in childhood

21
Q

What other genetic causes are the of LDs due to chromosomal abberations, apart from Down’s syndrome and Fragile X syndrome?

A

Edward’s syndrome, Patau syndrome, Kleinfelter’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome.

22
Q

Name another inherited cause of LDs which has autosommal dominant trait.

A

Tuberous sclerosis

23
Q

What are some peri-natal causes of LDs?

A

Iatrogenic (radiation, chemo, medication), Infections (TORCH), Delivery (anoxic brain damage, prematurity), Feotal alcohol syndrome, Hyperbilirubinaemia.

24
Q

What are the TORCH group infections?

A

Toxoplasmosis, Other, Rubella, CMV, Herpes. Other -> syphillis, VZV,Paravirus B19

25
Q

What are some post-natal causes of LDs?

A

Infection (encephalitis), Metabolic (hypoglycaemia), endocrine (hypothyroidism), CV (thromboembolism), toxins (lead), trauma (head injury), neoplasm (meningioma), psychosocial (low SE background).

26
Q

What is the genetic name for Down’s syndrome?

A

Trisomy 21

27
Q

What is the incidence of Down’s syndrome?

A

1 in 660 live births

28
Q

What systems does Down’ syndrome affect?

A

Multiple:

  • Heart defects
  • Diminished muscle tone
  • Facial abnormalities
  • Enlarged colon
  • Pelvic abnormality

And others

29
Q

What are some common co-morbidities associated with Down’s syndrome?

A 
Epilepsy
Hypothyroidism
Obesity
Sensory Impairments
C-spine abnormalities
Obstructive sleep apnoea
Recurrent resp tract and ear infections

Mental Health (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions