Learning (week 6 pt 2)

Question 1

Cognitive Learning

Answer 1

challenges to behavioural view of classical and operas condtioning = learnign amy result from not only autonomic associating but alos from mental processes

Question 2

2 Basic types of Cognitive learning

Answer 2

1. Latent Learning
2. Observationall Learning

Question 3

Latent Learning

Answer 3

learning in humans involves absorbing info and then demonstrating what we have learned at a later date ie an exam.

Question 4

Competance Vs Performance

Answer 4

learning that is not directly observale

Question 5

Tolman and Honzik

Answer 5

proposed humans as well as other animals display LL. there research involves 3 groups of rate through the maze 10x

Question 6

3 Groups of Rats through Maze

Answer 6

1. rewarded ever time they found the route out
2. rewarded only after 10th time
3. never rewarded

Question 7

Result of Rewarding Rats

Answer 7

second group quickly perforated as well as the first group after getting there reward the second group was leaning but only demonstrated their knowledge when they recieved there reinfocement

Question 8

three things rates learned

Answer 8

1. rats could learn a maze without reinfocement
2. rats would know how their learning until getting reinfocement
3. rats developed congnitive map when there was reinfocer

Question 9

Observational Learning

Answer 9

changes in behaviour and knowledge that results from watching others (no direct experience requried)

• not based on behaviour or conditioning
• dont have to engage in trial and error to learn new
• many cultural customs r spread through observation

Question 10

Social Learning (Bandura)

Answer 10

development of behaviour learned through modeling, observation, imitation, and self efficacy is learning as seen in work of AB bobo doll experiment which now a days would not ehticaly be right

(child observes another persons actions and then tries to imitate)

Question 11

4 Processes in OL

Answer 11

1. Attention to the act or behaviour
2. memory of the act or behaviour
3. ability to reproduce act or behaviour
4. motivation to represent act or behaviour

Question 12

Attenetion to act or behaviour

Answer 12

• seeing someone react w a classically conditioned fear of snakes can = aquiring a smilar fear
• paying attention to others being rewarded or punished as in operant condioning = learning
• we r more likly to learn by seeing others rewarded then punished

Question 13

Memory of act or behaviour

Answer 13

often a delay from when we learn a new behaviour and when the need to perform comes.

ie. might watch a cooking show but not repeat the steps until dinner time

Question 14

Ability to reproduce act or behaviour

Answer 14

OL is most effective when we frist observe, practice immediately and continue practicing soon after acquired the response. it also helps to observe throughout the process of leanring this helps to see a modal making a mistake so taht we can reflect on out own mistakes

Question 15

Motivation to reproduce act or behaviour

Answer 15

being hungry or thirsty will motivate an idividual to observe were others r going to find food a drink. conversely a child with no interest in playing a piano is less motivated to observe his tech during lessons

Question 16

Bobo Doll

Answer 16

72 kids

= 24 aggressive role models; 6 boys and 6 girls

= 24 non aggresive role modales; 6 boys and 6 girls

= 24 control group no model

Question 17

how did kids act with bobo doll experiment

Answer 17

children expsoed to aggresive model were more likly to act in a physcial aggressive way then those who were no exposed to aggresive model + children r more influence by same sex modles

Question 18

Result of Bobo Doll

Answer 18

boys exhibited more aggresion when exposed to aggressive male model then when exposed to female model
boys = 38.8
girls = 12.7

Question 19

Media Violence and Real World Violence

Answer 19

• many types or reseach have examined the impact of vioelnt media on behaviour
• results suggest that media violence impacts real worked aggressions in some cases
• consistent link between violence video games and behaviour (link does NOT imply a cause and effect relationship / some studies suggest densistization / importance of awareness)

Question 20

Imitation (3)

Answer 20

• child imitate facial expressions
• human over imitate other humans
• child vs chimp

Question 21

Role of Mirror Neurons

Answer 21

active during OL.
- bc activated when an animal observes or performs an action. may play a role in OL and having empathy for others.

was discoverd in Italy in 1990s (monkey see monkey do)