Lec 1 - 5 - Respiratory Pulmonary Function and Structure

Question 1

inhaled gas is 100 percent blank before reaching gas exchange area

Answer 1

humidified

Question 2

primary barrier between inside body and outside environment; inhaled pathogens and irritants

Answer 2

host defense

Question 3

air moving across vocal cords

Answer 3

vocalization

Question 4

lung has no direct blank capacity, it just goes by pressure differences leading to air flow

Answer 4

movement

Question 5

flow in the lung formula

Answer 5

flow = delta P / R

Question 6

the role of respiratory system is o2 delivery but the system is controlled by blank

Answer 6

co2

Question 7

Flow of oxygen formula

Answer 7

Vo2 = inspired ventilation and O2 - expired ventilation and O2

Question 8

we dont need a high blood pressure to the lungs because lungs have blank

Answer 8

very low blood flow resistance

Question 9

lung volume is blank percent tissue and blank percent blood

Answer 9

60, 40

Question 10

nasal/oral passage have shear forces causing synthesis and release of blank

Answer 10

nitric oxide

Question 11

NO blank the bronchial airways

Answer 11

vasodilates

Question 12

scm, scalenes, external intercostals, diaphragm are blank muscles

Answer 12

inspiration

Question 13

internal intercostals, abs, obliques are blank muscles

Answer 13

expiration

Question 14

expiration is blank unless forced

Answer 14

passive

Question 15

left lung is blank compared to right due to the blank

Answer 15

smaller, heart

Question 16

parietal pleura is attached to blank which causes the lungs to actually expand and contract

Answer 16

chest wall

Question 17

air between lungs

Answer 17

pneumothorax

Question 18

stuff between visceral and parietal pleura so they dont stick together

Answer 18

surfactant

Question 19

most blank is in upper airways

Answer 19

resistance

Question 20

most blank is in lower airways

Answer 20

compliance/gas exchange

Question 21

conducting airway is aka anatomic blank

Answer 21

dead space

Question 22

air flow velocity blank as we go deeper into the respiratory tract

Answer 22

decreases

Question 23

Inflammation of smooth muscle of airway

Answer 23

Asthma

Question 24

Genetic respiratory disease that has to do with chloride channels and obstruction by mucus

Answer 24

Cystic fibrosus

Question 25

These allow mucus to get out and be secreted in the lungs

Answer 25

Goblet cells

Question 26

Cilia is 9 doublets of blank and the center is blank

Answer 26

Actin/atpase, 2 singlets

Question 27

Type of epithelium of alveoli that is most of the alveolus and does gas exchange

Answer 27

Type 1

Question 28

Type of epithelium that produces surfactant in alveoli cells

Answer 28

Type 2

Question 29

Type 1 epithelium is converted to type 2 near blank

Answer 29

Birth

Question 30

Alveoli vary in size, lose surface area, and lose septae in this disease

Answer 30

Emphysema

Question 31

Developmental disease that decreases alveolar number

Answer 31

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Question 32

Lung function peaks at this age

Answer 32

20-25

Question 33

Large pulmonary vessles have blank

Answer 33

Smooth muscles

Question 34

Bronchial circulation is blank not blank

Answer 34

Systemic, pulmonary

Question 35

Capillaries totally wrap around the alveolus so the entire alveolus does blank

Answer 35

Gas exchange

Question 36

Surfactant functions to blank

Answer 36

Decrease surface tension

Question 37

Fluid in trachea and terminal bronchioles for mucus clearance

Answer 37

Periciliary fluid

Question 38

Fluid in trachea and terminal bronchioles via goblet cells

Answer 38

Mucus

Question 39

Fluid that lines epithelium and is antistick and decreases surface tension

Answer 39

Surfactant

Question 40

Periciliary fluid is maintained by blank secretion and blank absorption

Answer 40

Chloride, sodium

Question 41

Cells in bronchioles relating to mucus that serves a regenerative function

Answer 41

Clara cells

Question 42

Surfactant is blank based

Answer 42

Lipid

Question 43

High volume in lung leads to blank surface tension

Answer 43

High

Question 44

Low volume of lung results in blank surface tension of surfactant

Answer 44

Low

Question 45

3 functions of surfactant

Answer 45

Reduce work of breathing, prevent collapse/sticking, reduce surface tension

Question 46

There are no blank between endothelial cells of lymphatic system

Answer 46

Tight junctions

Question 47

Lymphatic system has flow in one direction due to blank

Answer 47

Valves

Question 48

preganglionic and postganglionic fibers of ans to lungs are in blank

Answer 48

central nervous system

Question 49

pain comes from blank

Answer 49

pleura not lung

Question 50

important nerves for lung

Answer 50

superior cervical ganglion, phrenic nerve, vagus nerve

Question 51

parasympathetic causes airway blank, blood vessel blank, and glandular blank

Answer 51

constriction, dilation, secretion

Question 52

noradrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory innervation causes blank of lungs

Answer 52

relaxation

Question 53

noradrenergic noncholinergic innervation causes blank of lungs

Answer 53

stimulatory

Question 54

parasympathetic nt

Answer 54

ach

Question 55

sympathetic nt

Answer 55

NE

Question 56

ventilation is controlled by a central pattern generator and has input from the blank and blank

Answer 56

hypothalamus, amygdala