lec 10 Flashcards
(76 cards)
1
Q
thoracic vertebrae
A
- thick body
2. on lateral surface of each vertebral body are facets for the articulation of heads of the ribs
2
Q
thoracic vertebrae
A
- the head of rib 5 articulate w/ a facet on the superior and lateral surface of the body of t5 as well as to a facet on the interior and lateral surface of the body of t4
3
Q
joint of the head of the rib
A
head of rib 5 articulates w/ a facet on the superior and lateral surface of body t5 and inferior and lateral surface t4
4
Q
neck of each non-floating rib articulates w/ the transverse process of the corresponding vertebrae where
A
costotransverse joint
5
Q
costotransverse joint are also synovial plane joints which means
A
- thhey are surrounded by synovial fluid and they permit gliding of the articular surfaces of the bones past one another
6
Q
the synovial joint are the ribs to do and bones to do what
A
- allow ribs to elevate and depress w/ each breath
2. gliding of the articular surfaces of the bones past one another
7
Q
the ribs are articulated with what to help the diaphragm to increase when and decrease when
A
- strenum and vertebral col
- the thoracic volume during inspiration
- the thoracic volume during expiration
8
Q
sternum
sternum has how many parts and which
A
3
1. manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
9
Q
the manubrium lies where
A
- @ the level of the 3rd and 4th thoracic vertebrae
10
Q
along the superior margin of the manubrium is what
A
suprasternal or
jugular notch
11
Q
both clavicle and the 1st rib articulate with what
A
manubrium
12
Q
the joint b/w the manabrium and the body is called
A
manubriosternal joint
13
Q
the joint forms what angle?
A
sternal angle
14
Q
in older people what happen
A
the manubrium joint tends to fuse
15
Q
the xiphoid process is what
A
cartilage in young people and ossified in older people
16
Q
rib
- how many pairs
- the first 7 or 8 are considered what? why?
- rib 8(usually), 9, 10 are considered what? why?
- rib 11-12 are what ? why?
- at the inferior margin of ribs lies what? which helps protect what?
- ribs are attached to the sternum at what and/or to each other at what by cartilage called what
A
- 12
- true ribs because they are span b/w vertebrar and the strenum
- false ribs because they are attached to the rib found just superior and not directly to the sternum
- floating rib; because they are suspended in abdominal musculature
- lies at the costal groove which helps to protect the intercostal nerve and vessel
- (Sternocostal joints) , interchondral joints, costal cartilage
17
Q
the interval b/w each rib contains how many layers of muscles
A
3
18
Q
the outer layer is whcih acts to do what during inspiration
A
- external iintercostal muscle
2. elevate the rib
19
Q
deep to the external intercostal muscle is what
A
- internal intercostal muscle
20
Q
what is the 3rd layer that is patchy?
A
- innermost intercostal muscle
21
Q
the actions of the internal and innermost intercostal are complex but they act in what and what
A
inspiration
expiration
22
Q
b/w the internal intercostal muscles layer and the innermost intercostal muscles are what
A
intercostal vein, artery, and veins
23
Q
intercostal vein, artery, and veins usually run near where
A
the inferior margin of the rib either in or near the costal groove
24
Q
what is necessary during the treatment of the pneumothorax
A
- insert a needle through the intercostal space
2. care must be taken not to damage the intercostal vein, artery and nerve
25
the diaphragm is a musculotendinous structure which separates what 2 cavities
1. thoracic and abdominal
26
the diaphragm is attached to what
inferior rib and thoracic vertebrae
27
the diaphragm does what during inspiration
1. it descends which increases the superior-inferior dimensions of thoracic cavity
28
what is the diaphragm innervates
phrenic nerve
29
the spinal nerve exist the vertrbal col through
intervertebral foramina
30
each spinal nerve divides into
dorsal and ventral ramus
31
the dorsal primarry rami carry what sensory fibers from where
1. afferent sensory fibers
| 2. the skin and joint of the back and efferent motor fibers of the back
32
in thorax (T1-t11) the ventral primary rami become the while t12 becomes
1. intercostal nerves
| 2. subcostal nerve
33
the t1-t11 become intercostal nerves that run along the what in the intercostal space
1.inferior margin of each rib
34
intercostal nerve supply
intercostal muscles
and skin overlying the intercostal space
35
the pattern of cutaneous sensation is supplied by spinal nerve from a single cord level is calle
dermatime
36
the thoracic wall is supplied by
posterior intercostal arteries and anterior intercostal arteries
37
posterior intercostal arteries are branches of and they follow the
aorta
intercostal nerves
38
the anterior intercostal arteries are branches of
internal thoracic arteries
39
the internal thoracic arteries run how and anastomose to what
1. laterally
| 2. posterior intercostal arteries via vessel and capillaries
40
the anterior intercostal arteries supply what
breast and muscles and fascia of the anterior thorax
41
the internal thoracic arteries run either side of the what along the inner surface of the thoracic wall
1. strenum
42
they continue into abdominal wall as
superior epigastric arteries
43
the superior epigastric arteries are branches of the
subclavian arteries
44
the breast
1. in females the mamary glands develops between
2. there is also a wing-like projection of mamary galnd called
3. in non-lactating women, the glands themselves and the lactiferous ducts are what
4. most of the volume of the breast is occupied by what
5. the suspensory ligament anchors the breast to what
6. the breast lymphatics drain into what
7. how can breast can be treated
1. pectoralis major , parts of serratus anterior, and the skin
2. axillary tail
3. lacifferous ducts: drains the glands and are small
4. fat and suspensory ligament
5. deep fascia
6. axillary lymph node
7. lumpectomy ; radial mastectomy: remove breast and lymph node
45
pwhat are the double layers of the membrane that surround the lungs
1. pleural sacs
46
the inner layer enveloping the lungs are the what and the outer layer is the what
1. visceral pleura
| 2. parental pleura
47
the thin space b/w the pleural membrane iswhat and filed with what
1. pleural cavity
| 2. filled w/ the layer of pleural fluid
48
due to forces b/w the 2 layers there is what type of pressure
1. negative pressure which creates an outward pull on the lungs that keep them inflated
49
when the air enters the pleural cavity what happens to the lung
collapse
50
which pluera is insentsitive to pain
which is heavily innervated
visceral pleura
pariental pleura
51
what are the parts overlying the diaphragm and mediastinum
| are called and innervated by
diapragmatic pleura
mediastinal pleura
branches of the phrenic nerve
52
how are the phrenic nerve formed?
from ventral primary ramis c3 - c5
53
what is the parietal pleura underlying your ribs which is innervated by intercostal nerves
1. costal pleura
54
the lungs are the organs of
respiration
55
in life, they are light and flexible and will collapse to 1/3 of size if not inflated
1. t
56
in cadaver, lungs are firm and have impression of surr structures especially where
mediastinal surface
57
each lung have
1. an apex, base , root, and hilum
58
the root is a bundle of structure that enters and leave which occur at `
lung
hilum
59
the left lung is divided into
| by obliquye fissure
superior and inferior lobe
60
the right lung is usually divided into superior, middle, inferior lobe by
horizontal fissure
oblique fissure
61
fissure may be incomplet or partly fused
t
62
the left l;ungb also has a distinctive cardiac notvh in
anterior margin
63
the apex of the lung is found ______ to superior thoracic aperture
superior
64
trauma to the neck can damage what and lead to what
1. pluera and lung
| 2. direct communication b/w the atmosphere and the pleural cavity
65
the root is a bundle of sstructure entering or leaving the lung from where
hilum
66
the roots contain __ and __, connective tissue, nerves, lympatics
1. primary bronchi
| 2. pulmonary
67
the primary bronchi branch regularly after entering the what and sends what to each lobe
1. hilum
| 2. secondary bronchus
68
the secondary bronchi turn into what which supply
1. tertiary bronchi
| 2. which supplies specific regions of the lungs
69
Blood form the right ventricle is pumped through the
right and left pulmonary arteries to each lung via the root
70
branches of the pulmonary arteries are closely associated
1. w/ the bronchi
71
pulmonary veins are paired as they l;eave hilum which are called which exit from where and enter
1. superior pulmonary and inferior pulmonary vein
2. exit each lung
3. enter left atrium
72
thw right primary bronchus is ____ than the letf
1. what is the implication
2. infections and cancer are limited to what at first
3. what segmentectomy
shorter, wider, and more vertical
2. one bronchopulmonary seg,ent
3. removing the single segment
73
iinervation of the lungs
| 1. receives parasympathetic innervation
vagus nerve (CN 10)
74
these vagus nerve are
motor to smooth muscle of bronchi (bronchoconstrictors)
inhibitory to the muscles of blood vessel walls(vasodilators)
cause the glands of the brinchi to secrete fluid and mucus
75
sympathetic innervation to the lungs
inhibits bronchiolar smooth muscle contraction (bronchodilators and secretion of polmunary glands and is moto to polmunary vasculature (vasoconstrictor)
76
1. lungs is prone to infection
2. like bronchitis and pneumonia
3. smoking and air pollution have increase
4. pulmonary thromboembolism; what happen when artery be blocked; one of the most common pulmonary diseases
1. t
2. t
3. lung cancer like carcinoma of bronchus
4. result of an obstruction blocking pulmonary artery; death can be rapid
5. asthma: small airway are narrowed by inflammation and bronchoconstriction
