lec13 Flashcards
(17 cards)
what is the region of the abdomen most commonly known to do using median plane and umbilicus
- a division into quadrant
the surface of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall contain?
- xiphoid process
- costal margin
- anterior superior iliac spine
- public crest
- pubic tubercle
- public symphysis
- umbilicus
- linea alba
muscles
- external oblique
a. runs how from ribs 5-12 to the iliac crest and pubic tubercle, what forms the anterior-inferior part - what is the superficial inguinal ring
- inguinal ligament: extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the what; the lowest part of the external oblique aponeurosis is what to form the inguinal ligament. the what of the inquinal ligament is continuous with the deep fascia of the thigh-the fascia lata
- linea alba: where the fiber from both sides do what?
a. inferomedial; aponeurosis; aponeurosis
b. a triangular gap in the aponeurosis superolateral to the public tubercle
c. inferior border
d. both sides interlace in the median plane
internal oblique
1. generally run how which is perpendicular to what from the iliac crest to the linea alba
- superomedially, external oblique fiber
transversus abdominis
- runs how from the costal margin and iliac crest to the linea alba; form the deepest what
- conjoint tendons: lowest tendinous fibers of the internal oblique join with transversus abdominis to pass lateral part of what to the public crest; reinforces a weak area of what
- transverse; muscle layer
2. inguinal ligament; abdominal wall
rectus abdominis
- arises from what
- inserts into the
- is enclosed in what which is comprised of aponeurosis of the external oblique, internal oblique nd transversus abdominis muscle
- symphysis pubic and public crest
2. 5th, 6th, and 7th costal cartilages
transversalis facia
1.fascia on the inner surface of the what ;
2.it
passes behind the what and crosses the median plane.
- Internal to the what
is the peritoneum.
transversus abdominis
rectus sheath
transversalis fascia
function of the muscles of the abdominal wall
- laterally flex and rotate what
- what flexes trunk and assist in positioning of the trunk to support limb movement
- increase intra-abdminal pressure and elevate the what during forced expiration
- protect what
- help maintain what
- increase intra-abdminal pressure to do what(4)
- trunk; rectus abdominis
- diaphragm
- viscera
- posture
- micturution, defecation, vomiting, opartutrition by contracting simultaneously w/ the diaphargm while the airway is closed
innervation:
1. the skin and muscle of the anterior abdominal wall are supplied segmentally by what which include(3)
- spinal nerve T7-L1
2. intercostal nervw (T7-LT11); subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves(L1)
blood supply:
- epigastric arteries: superior epigastric artery from where and inferior epigastric artery from where
- anastomes b/w superior and inferior epigastric arteries provide what b/w subclavian and external iliac arteries
- internal thoracic artery, external iliac artery
2. superior and inferior epigastric arteries provide collateral circulation b/w the subclavian iliac arteries
inguinal canal
1. An oblique passage 3-5 cm long, through the what; it is occupied in males by the
what and in females by the round ligament of the what, and runs parallel to and just
above the what.
- The inguinal canal has been likened to an arcade
of three arches formed by what through which the testes and spermatic
cord or the round ligament migrate during development to reach the scrotum or labia majora.
- abdominal wall; spermatic cord ; uterus
- medial half of the inguinal ligament.
- three flat abdominal muscles
- boundaries of the ingunal canal
a. : a triangular shaped defect in the aponeurosis of the
external oblique muscle, lateral to the pubic tubercle. This is the exit of the inguinal canal? - —oval opening in transversalis fascia. This is the internal
entrance into the inguinal canal. The inferior epigastric artery lies at the medial
boundary of the deep inguinal ring, which is located deep to the midpoint of the
inguinal ligament.
superficial inguinal ring
Deep inguinal ring
The testes develop in the lumbar region deep to the what.
They pass through
the inguinal canal. A diverticulum of peritoneum—the processus vaginalis—evaginates the
anterior abdominal wall and travels alongside the what .
Accompanied by the what and the testicular vessels, the testes usually enter the inguinal canals just before
birth and the processus vaginalis obliterates, leaving a bubble of peritoneum in the scrotum
anterior to the testes, the tunica vaginalis.
- transversalis fascia
- testis
- transversalis fascia
4.
The ovaries also descend from the what to a point just below the pelvic
brim. The what attaches to the uterus, where it divides into the round ligament of
the uterus and the ovarian ligament.
- posterior abdominal wall
2. gubernaculum
III. THE SPERMATIC CORD
The spermatic cord begins at the what and ends at the posterior border of the testis,
and is composed of several layers of structures and tissues; the most important are:
A. Ductus (vas) deferens
B. Testicular artery
C. Pampiniform plexus of veins—ultimately converge to form the testicular vein
D. Autonomic nerves
E. Cremasteric fascia and muscle—derived from the internal oblique muscle
deep inguinal ring
SCROTUM
A. A pouch of skin situated below the pubic symphysis. It is divided into two compartments
composed of 2 layers: skin and smooth muscle. The layers of the scrotum are indistinct in
the adult, but are derived from the layers of the anterior abdominal wall.
B. what—a peritoneal sac surrounding the testes. It consists of a parietal layer and
a visceral layer (adjacent to the testis and epididymis). A small amount of fluid in the cavity
of the tunica vaginalis separates the visceral and parietal layers and enables the testis to
move freely in the scrotum.
what—an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the cavity
of the tunica vaginalis.
C. Innervation—genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve, ilioinguinal nerve, pudendal nerve,
and posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Tunica vaginalis
Tunica vaginalis
A. Paired oval organs that produce spermatozoa after puberty, and secrete hormones, which
are responsible for the secondary sexual characteristics of the male. The testis is surrounded
by a tough fibrous capsule—the tunica albuginea.
B. what—testicular artery, a branch of the abdominal aorta. A venous network, the
pampiniform plexus, drains the testis; these veins converge to form the testicular vein.
Varicocele—a condition of enlargement (varicosity) of the veins of the spermatic cord,
which often results from defective valves in the testicular vein.
C. what—applied to the posterior margin of the testis. The epididymis connects the
tubules in the testis to the ductus deferens.
b. Blood supply
c. Epididymis
