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CHEM 201 > LEC 14: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids > Flashcards

LEC 14: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Flashcards

1
Q

attraction between molecules

A

intermolecular force

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2
Q

much weaker than ionic or covalent bonds

A

intermolecular forces

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3
Q

when a substance melts or boils, intermolecular forces are _______

A

broken

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4
Q

when a substances condenses, intermolecular forces are ______

A

formed

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5
Q

______ reflect intermolecular force strength

A
  • boiling points
  • melting point
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6
Q

high boiling point indicates _______ attractive forces

A

strong

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7
Q

______ melting point indicates strong attractive forces

A

high

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8
Q

intermolecular forces that exist between neutral molecules

A

van der Waals forces

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9
Q

van der Waals forces include:

A
  • london dispersion forces
  • dipole-dipole forces
  • hydrogen-bonding forces
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10
Q

interactions important in solutions

A

ion-dipole

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11
Q

physical properties of substances are understood in terms of _______

A

kinetic-molecular theory

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12
Q

highly compressible and assume the shape and volume of their container

A

gas

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13
Q

_____ are far apart and do not interact much with one another

A

gas molecules

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14
Q

almost incompressible, assume the shape but not the volume of the container

A

liquid

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15
Q

liquid molecules are held together _____ than gas molecules but not so _____ that the molecules cannot slide past each other

A
  • more closely
  • rigidly
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16
Q

incompressible and have a definite shape and volume

A

soild

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17
Q

solid molecules are _____ together

A

packed closely

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18
Q

solid molecules are _____packed that they cannot easily slide past each other

A

so rigidly

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19
Q

condensed phases

A
  • solid
  • liquid
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20
Q

solids with highly ordered structures

A

crystalline

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21
Q

converting gas into a liquid or solid requires the molecules to get ____ to each other

A

closer

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22
Q

converting a solid into a liquid or gas requires the molecules to move _____ apart

A

further

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23
Q

forces holding solids and liquids together

A

intermolecular forces

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24
Q

there are forces _____ molecules

A

between

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25
Q

solid to liquid/gas conversion can be accomplished by ____ the pressure on the gas

A

heating or reducing

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26
Q

gas to liquid or solid conversion can be accomplished by _____ the gas

A

cooling or compressing

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27
Q

weakest of all intermolecular forces

A

london-dispersion forces

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28
Q

ease with which an distribution can be deformed

A

polarizability

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29
Q

the ____ the molecule, the more polarizable it is

A

larger

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30
Q

london disperion forces increase as ______ increases

A

molecular weight

31
Q

london dispersion forces depend on the ____ of the molecule

A

shape

32
Q

the greater the surface area available for contact, the ____ the dispersion forces

A

greater

33
Q

london dispersion forces between spherical molecules are _____ than those between more cylindrically shaped molecules

A

smaller

34
Q

exist between neutral polar molecules

A

dipole-dipole forces

35
Q

polar molecules _____ each other

A

attract

36
Q

special type of intermolecular attraction

A

hydrogen bonding

37
Q

interaction between an ion and the partial charge on the end of a polar molecule/dipole

A

ion-dipole

38
Q

resistance of a liquid to flow

A

viscosity

39
Q

amount of energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a unit amount

A

surface tension

40
Q

intermolecular forces that bind molecules to one another

A

cohesive forces

41
Q

intermolecular forces that bind molecules to a surface

A

adhesive forces

42
Q

rise of liquids up very narrow tubes

A

capillary action

43
Q

changes of state

A

phase changes

44
Q

solid to gas

A

sublimation

45
Q

solid to liquid

A

melting or fusion

46
Q

liquid to gas

A

vaporization

47
Q

gas to liquid

A

desposition

48
Q

gas to liquid

A

condensation

49
Q

liquid to solid

A

freezing

50
Q

enthalpy of fusion

A

heat of fusion

51
Q

how do liquids flow

A

by sliding molecules over one another

52
Q

viscosity depends on:

A
  • attractive forces between molecules
  • tendency of molecules to become entangled
  • temperature
53
Q

the stronger the intermolecular forces, the ____ the viscosity

A

higher

54
Q

viscosity ____ as molecules become entangled with one another

A

increases

55
Q

viscosity usually _____ with an increase in temperature

A

decreases

56
Q

______ (in liquid) are equally attracted to their neighbors

A

bulk molecules

57
Q

surface molecules are only attracted ____ towards the bulk molecules

A

inward

58
Q

surface molecules are packed ____ than bulk molelcules

A

more closely

59
Q

bulk molecules causes the liquid to behave as if it had a _____

A

skin

60
Q

stronger intermolecular forces causes _____ surface tension

A

higher

61
Q

water has a ____ surface tension

A

high

62
Q

hg has an _____ surface tension

A

even higher

63
Q

there are very strong ____ bonds between Hg atoms

A

metallic

64
Q

shape of the liquid surface

A

meniscus

65
Q

if _____ forces are greater than ____ forces, the meniscus is u-shaped

A
  • adhesive forces
  • cohesive forces
66
Q

if _____ forces are greater than ______ forces, the meniscus is curved downwards

A
  • cohesive forces
  • adhesive forces
67
Q

rise of liquids up very narrow tubes

A

capillary action

68
Q

the liquid climbs up (in capillary action) until adhesive and cohesive forces are ______

A

balanced by gravity

69
Q

endothermic phase changes:

A
  • sublimation
  • melting or fusion
  • vaporization
70
Q

exothermic phase changes:

A
  • freezing
  • deposition
  • condensation
71
Q

Δ H > 0

endothermic or exothermic

A

endothermic

72
Q

Δ H < 0

endothermic or exotehrmic

A

exothermic

73
Q

the heat of fusion is less than the heat of ______

A

vaporization

74
Q

it takes _____ energy to completely separate molecules than to partially separate them

A

more

CHEM 201 (20 decks)

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