LEC 16: Solutions

Question 1

homogenous mixture of two or more substances in relative amounts that can be varied continuously up to the limit of solubility

Answer 1

solution

Question 2

the term solution is commonly applied to the ____ state of matter

Answer 2

liquid

Question 3

components of mixture form a single phase

Answer 3

homogenous mixture

Question 4

a solution consists of a:

Answer 4

• solute
• solvent

Question 5

substance that is being dissolved

Answer 5

solute

Question 6

dissolving medium

Answer 6

solvent

Question 7

properties of solution

Answer 7

• a solution is a homogenous mixture
• constituent particles of a solution cannot be seen by naked eyes
• solutions do not scatter a beam of light passing through it
• solute particles cannot be separated by filtration
• solute or solvent particles do not settle down when left undisturbed
• solutions are stable at a given temperature

Question 8

the path of the light beam is ______ in solutions

Answer 8

not visible

Question 9

depend in large part on solutions

Answer 9

life processes

Question 10

oxygen from the lungs goes into solution in the _____, unites chemically with the _______ in the red blood cells, and is released to the body tissues

Answer 10

• blood plasma
• hemoglobin

Question 11

chemists take advantage of differences in ______ to separate and purify materials and to carry out ______

Answer 11

• solubility
• chemical analysis

Question 12

most chemical reactions occur in _____ and are influenced by the solubilities of the ______

Answer 12

• solution
• reagents

Question 13

usually produced by melting the mixture of ingredients

Answer 13

alloys

Question 14

types of solutions based on the quantity of solute in a solution

Answer 14

• unsaturated solution
• saturated solution
• supersaturated solution

Question 15

solution in which we can still add more solute at a given temperature

Answer 15

unsaturated solution

Question 16

solution in which we cannot dissolve more solute in the solvent at a given temperature

Answer 16

saturated solution

Question 17

saturated solution in which we add more solute by raising the temperature or pressure

Answer 17

supersaturated solution

Question 18

in supersaturated solutions generally, _____ starts forming

Answer 18

crystals

Question 19

types of solutions based on the amount of solvent added

Answer 19

• concentrated solution
• dilute solution

Question 20

has a very small amount of solute in a large quantity of solvent

Answer 20

dilute solution

Question 21

concentration in which solute is present in large quantity

Answer 21

concentrated solution

Question 22

means twice the alcohol (ethanol) content by volume

Answer 22

proof

Question 23

refers to the amount of solute present in a given amount of solution

Answer 23

concentration of a solution

Question 24

the amount of solute can be represented by its _____ or _____

Answer 24

• mass
• volume

Question 25

the relative amount of solute and solvent present in a solution can be represented by different methods of _______

Answer 25

expression

Question 26

formula of percent composition by mass

Answer 26

percent by mass = (mass of solute/mass of solution) x 100

Question 27

used when preparing solutions of liquids

Answer 27

volume percent or volume/volume percent (v/v%)

Question 28

formula of volume percent

Answer 28

v/v% = [(volume of solute)/(volume of solution)] x 100%

Question 29

volume percent is relative to ____

Answer 29

volume of solution

Question 30

______ are not necessarily additive because the two substances mix to create less than the additive volume

Answer 30

volumes

Question 31

the ____ is often a lower volume than the sum of the separate parts

Answer 31

solution

Question 32

number of moles of the solute per liter of solution

Answer 32

Molarity

Question 33

Molarity is used to express the number of ____ of solute in exactly one liter of a solution

Answer 33

moles

Question 34

Molarity formula

Answer 34

Molarity = moles of solute / volume of solution in liters

Question 35

similar to Molarity but uses mass (kg) of the solvent rather than the volume of solution

Answer 35

molality

Question 36

molality formula

Answer 36

molality = moles of solute / kg of solvent