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CHEM 201 > LEC 18: Acids, bases, salts > Flashcards

LEC 18: Acids, bases, salts Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

any substance that in water solution tastes sour

A

acid

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2
Q

____ changes blue litmus paper to red

A

acid

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3
Q

acid react with some metals to ____ hydrogen

A

liberate

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4
Q

acid reacts with bases to form _____

A

salts

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5
Q

acids react with metals (zinc and magnesium) to produce _____

A

hydrogen gas

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6
Q

acids react with hydroxide bases to produce ____ and an ______

A
  • water
  • ionic compound (salt)
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7
Q

acids react with carbonates to produce _____

A

carbon dioxide

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8
Q

pH level of milk

A

6

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9
Q

pH level of vinegar

A

2-3 pH

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10
Q

pH level of coffee

A

5

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11
Q

pH level of coke

A

2.6 - 2.7

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12
Q

adding milk in coffee _____ the acidity of the solution

A
  • lessens
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13
Q

component of coca-cola and other sodas where carbon dioxide dissolves in water to yield two molecules of _______

A

carbonic acid

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14
Q

solution that has an excess OH- ions

A

base

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15
Q

another word for base

A

alkali

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16
Q

bases are substances that accept _____

A

hydrogen ions

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17
Q

properties of base

A
  • bitter or caustic taste
  • slippery, soapy feeling
  • ability to change litmus red to blue
  • ability to interact with acids
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18
Q

pH level of natural soaps

A

8 - 10

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19
Q

pH level ofshampoos

A

3.5 to 9

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20
Q

pH level of toothpaste

A

7 - 10

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21
Q

swedish scientist who lived from 1859 to 1927

A

Svante Arrhenius

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22
Q

in 1884, Svante Arrhenius advanced a theory of ______

A

acids and bases

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23
Q

contains an excess of H+ ions

A

Arrhenius acid solution

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24
Q

contains an excess of OH- ions

A

Arrhenius base solution

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24
contains an excess of OH- ions
Arrhenius base solution
25
Danish chemist
J.N. Bronsted
26
English chemist
T.M Lowry
27
Bronsted and lowry advanced their theory of _________
acids and bases
28
proton (H+) donor
bronsted-lowry acid
29
proton (H+) acceptor
bronted-lowry base
30
developed a more comprehensive theory of acids and bases in 1923
G.N. Lewis
31
deals with the way in which a substance with an unshared pair of electrons reacts in an acid-base type of reaction
lewis theory
32
electron pair acceptor
lewis acid
33
electron pair donor
lewis base
34
reaction of an acid with a base
neutralization reaction
35
can be considered compounds derived from acids and bases
salts
36
salts consists of ____ metal or ____ ions combined with nonmetal ions
- positive - ammonium
37
salts are usually ___ and have high ____
- crystalline - boiling and melting points
38
substance that conducts electric current as a result of a dissociation into positively and negatively charged particles called ions
electrolytes
39
electrolytes are chemicals that conduct _____ when dissolved in water
electricity
40
functions of electrolytes
- regulate nerve and muscle function - hydrate the body - balance blood acidity and pressure - help rebuild damaged tissue
41
electric tissues of the body
muscles and neurons
42
best way to maintain electrolyte balance in the body
healthy diet
43
main food sources of electrlytes
fruits and vegetables
44
classes of compounds that are electrolytes
- acids - bases - salts - solutions of oxides that form an acid or a base
44
classes of compounds that are electrolytes
- acids - bases - salts - solutions of oxides that form an acid or a base
45
electrolytes are capable of ____-
producing ions in a solution
46
used as insulators
nonelectrolytes
47
important ingredient in any kitchen pantry that is a nonelectrolyte
sugar
48
substances whose aqueous solutions do not conduct electricity
nonelectrolytes
49
nonelectrolytes are not capable of producing ____ in solution
ions
50
meaning of pH
potential of hydrogen
51
negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration
pH
52
pH =
-log[H+]
53
increasing acidity scale
0 to 6.9
54
increasing basicity scale
7.1 to 14
55
neutral scale of pH
7
56
atmospheric precipitation that is more acidic than usual
acid rain
57
cause of increase in acidity
natural or industrial sources
58
pH level of unpolluted rain because of carbonic acid formation in the atmosphere
5.6
59
process of acid rain formation emission of ____ and ____ into the air
- nitrogen - sulfur oxides
60
process of acid rain formation from the burning of _____
fossil fuels
61
process of acid rain formation chemical reactions between the ___ and water forming _____ and _____
- oxides - sulfuric acid - nitric acid
62
process of acid rain formation ___ or ___, which carries acid to the ground
- rain - snow
63
effects of acid rain freshwater plants and animals ____ significantly when the rain is acidic
decline
64
effects of acid rain ______ is leached from the soil into lakes and adversely affects fish gills
aluminum
65
effects of acid rain the waxy protective coat on plants is ____ making them vulnerable to bacteria and fungal attack
dissolved
66
effects of acid rain responsible for ____ and _____ damage to buildings, monuments, statues
- extensive - continuing
67
effects of acid rain reduces the ______ of paint and promotes the ______ of paper, leather, and cloth
- durability - deterioration

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