Lec 27 Organisms Defend

Question 1

1. What are antigens?
   A. Proteins found in the blood that cause foreign blood cells to clump
   B. Foreign molecules that trigger the generation of antibodies
   C. Proteins embedded in B cell membranes
   D. Proteins released during an inflammatory response

Answer 1

B. Foreign molecules that trigger the generation of antibodies

Question 2

2. What is innate immunity?
   A. It is activated immediately upon infection
   B. It depends on a newly infected animal’s previous
   exposure to the same pathogen
   C. It is based on recognition of antigens that are specific
   to different pathogens
   D. It is found only in vertebrate animals

Answer 2

A. It is activated immediately upon infection

Question 3

3. A plant will recognize a pathogenic invader:
   A.If it has many specific plant disease resistance (R) genes
   B. When the pathogen has an R gene complementary to the plant’s antivirulence (Avr) gene
   C. If it has the specific R gene that corresponds to the pathogen molecule encoded by an Avr gene
   D. Only if the pathogen and the plant have the same R
   genes

Answer 3

C. If it has the specific R gene that corresponds to the pathogen molecule encoded by an Avr gene

Question 4

4. Which of the following is true for animals that help
   other animals of the same species?
   A.They have excess energy reserves
   B. They are usually related to the other animals
   C.They are bigger and stronger than the other animals
   D.They have defective genes controlling their behaviour

Answer 4

B. They are usually related to the other animals

Question 5

5. Which of the following is an example of aposematic
   colouration?
   A. Colours of an insect-B. pollinated flower
   B. Green colour of a plant
   C. A katydid cricket whose wings look like a dead leaf
   D. Stripes of a skunk

Answer 5

D. Stripes of a skunk

Question 6

Organisms that cause disease are ____________

Answer 6

Pathogens

Question 7

____________ feed on hosts and benefit at their expense

Answer 7

Parasites

Question 8

Secretions contain _______ _______, _______ as well as other molecules that stick to pathogens and slough off.

Answer 8

Antimicrobial peptides & lysozyme

Question 9

__________ are the bacteria and fungi that are not pathogens but colonize surfaces ( E.G Large intestine, skin, nasal passages). Prevent pathogens from establishing.

Answer 9

Microbiota

Question 10

___________ ________ Like dendritic cells and macrophages patrol tissue and vessels looking for pathogens and toxins

Answer 10

Phagocytic Cells

Question 11

____________ __________ act like antibiotics to kill bacteria

Answer 11

Antimicrobial Proteins

Question 12

_____________ are a set of proteins that kill pathogens and signals other components of immune defence

Answer 12

Complement

Question 13

________ _________ Hide from predators

Answer 13

Cryptic colouration

Question 14

____________ Warning colouration of toxin present.

Answer 14

Aposematic

Question 15

___________ are harmless but appears otherwise

Answer 15

Batesian

Question 16

__________ unpalatable and resemble each other

Answer 16

Mullerian

Question 17

_____________ is behaviour that reduces an animals individual fitness to benefit others (self-sacrifice)

Answer 17

Altruism

Question 18

An animal response to a pathogen that is rapid is the?

Answer 18

Innate immunity

Question 19

An animal response that is slower and recognize many traits using specific receptors would be an example of?

Answer 19

Adaptive immunity

Question 20

what are examples of the innate immunities first and second line of defence?

Answer 20

(barrier defenses)
Microbiota
Skin
Mucous membranes
(internal defenses)
Phagocytic cells
Complement cells
Antimicrobial proteins