Lecture 17: Energy Organisms Flashcards
(11 cards)
- Which of the following is a statement of the first law
of thermodynamics?
A. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
B. The entropy of the universe is decreasing
C. The entropy of the universe is constant
D. Kinetic energy is stored energy that results from the
specific arrangement of matter
A. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
- Potential energy is:
A.The energy associated with motion
B. Kinetic energy associated with random movement of
atoms or molecules
C.The energy available for release in a chemical reaction
D. The energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure
D. The energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure
- Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy?
A. The muscle contractions of a person mowing grass
B. Light flashes emitted by a firefly
C. A molecule of glucose
D. Water rushing over Niagara Falls
C. A molecule of glucose
- When glucose monomers are joined together by
glycosidic linkages to form a cellulose polymer, what are
the changes in free energy, total energy, and entropy?
A. +ΔG, +ΔH, +ΔS
B. +ΔG, +ΔH, -ΔS
C. -ΔG, -ΔH, +ΔS
D. +ΔG, -ΔH, -ΔS
B. +ΔG, +ΔH, -ΔS
For living organisms, which of the following is an important consequence of the first law of thermodynamics?
A) The energy content of an organism is constant.
B) The entropy of an organism decreases with time as the organism grows in complexity.
C) The organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary energy for life from its environment.
D) Organisms grow by converting energy into organic matter.
E) Life does not obey the first law of thermodynamics.
C) The organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary energy for life from its environment.
The mathematical expression for the change in free energy of a system is ΔG = ΔH - TΔS. Which of the following is correct?
A) ΔG is the change in free entropy.
B) ΔS is the change in enthalpy, a measure of randomness.
C) ΔH is the change in entropy, the energy available to do work.
D) T is the temperature in degrees Kelvin.
E) T is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.
D) T is the temperature in degrees Kelvin.
When the glycosidic bonds in a cellulose polymer are broken down to form individual glucose monomers, what are the changes in free energy, total energy, and entropy?
A) -ΔG, -ΔH, +ΔS
B) +ΔG, +ΔH, +ΔS
C) +ΔG, +ΔH, -ΔS
D) +ΔG, -ΔH, -ΔS
E) None of the above.
A) -ΔG, -ΔH, +ΔS
Metabolic rates can be affected by factors such as: (choose all that apply)
A) Age & sex
B) Temperature & Activity
C) Nutrition & moon phase
D) A & B
E) B & C
D) A & B
Which of the following organisms would exhibit the lowest basal metabolic rate:
A)Capybara
B) Southern White Rhinoceros
C) Red Squirrel
D) Tasmanian Devil
C) Red Squirrel
Arrange the following animals from highest to lowest basal metabolic rate (BMR) per kg: mouse, goat, cat, cow.
A) Goat, cow, goat, mouse
B) Cow, goat, cat, mouse
C) Cat, goat, cow, mouse
D) Mouse, cat, goat, cow
D) Mouse, cat, goat, cow
Imagine that you are a biologist who is attempting to get an accurate measure of an animal’s basal metabolic rate. When would be the best time to measure the metabolic rate?
A) When the animal is resting and has not eaten its first meal of the day.
B) When the animal has recently eaten a sugar-free meal.
C) When the animal is resting and has just completed its first meal of the day.
D) When the animal has just completed 30 minutes of vigorous exercise.
E) When the animal has not consumed any water for at least 48 hours.
A) When the animal is resting and has not eaten its first meal of the day.
