Lecture 19: Energy & Nutrient Acquisition ll

Question 1

1. In intracellular digestion, food particles are:
   A. Transported across cytoplasmic membranes
   B. Absorbed through protein channels
   C. Engulfed by phagocytosis
   D. Completely digested outside of the cell

Answer 1

C. Engulfed by phagocytosis

Question 2

2. Enzymatic hydrolysis is:
   A. A reaction that splits bonds in molecules with the
   addition of water
   B. A reaction that splits bonds in molecules with the
   removal of water
   C. A reaction that splits bonds in molecules with the
   removal of carbon atoms
   D. A reaction that splits bonds in molecules with the use
   of hydrazine ions

Answer 2

A. A reaction that splits bonds in molecules with the
addition of water

Question 3

3. The role of the pancreas in digestion is:
   A. To make saliva
   B. To secrete proteases and acid for digestion
   C. To secrete enzymes lipase and amylase for digestion
   D. To absorb nutrients

Answer 3

C. To secrete enzymes lipase and amylase for digestion

Question 4

4. Essential nutrients are:
   A. Nutrients synthesized by the body
   B. Nutrients that must be obtained from the diet
   C. Nutrients required in trace amounts
   D. Nutrients made by plants

Answer 4

B. Nutrients that must be obtained from the diet

Question 5

5. Typically, what is the most limiting element for plant
   growth?
   A. Carbon
   B. Potassium
   C. Nitrogen
   D. Phosphorus

Answer 5

C. Nitrogen

Question 6

6. Anabolism is to catabolism as:
   A. Dark is to light
   B. Destruction is to construction
   C. Digestion is to metabolism
   D. Construction is to destruction

Answer 6

D. Construction is to destruction

Question 7

Both the volume and the surface area for three different cells were measured. These values are listed in the following table:

​ Volume Surface Area
Cell 1 9.3 μm3 22.5 μm2
Cell 2 12.2 μm3 37.1 μm2
Cell 3 17.6 μm3 40.6 μm2

Using data from the table above, select the cell and best explanation for why that cell will be able to eliminate waste most efficiently?

A) Cell 2, since it has the highest surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates the exchange of materials between a cell and its environment.

B) Cell 3, since it has the largest surface area, which will enable it to eliminate all of its wastes quickly.

C) Presuming all cells have the same organelles, they will eliminate waste with the same efficiency.

D) Cell 3, because it is big enough to allow wastes to easily diffuse through the plasma membrane.

E) Cell 1, since it has the smallest volume, and it will not produce as much waste as the other cells.

Answer 7

A) Cell 2, since it has the highest surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates the exchange of materials between a cell and its environment

Question 8

If a leaf receives a signal that causes the efflux of K+ from guard cells, what will happen to the stomates?

A) They will do nothing.

B) They will close.

C) They will open.

D) They will pump O2 from the leaf.

E) They will pump CO2 from the leaf.

Answer 8

B) They will close.