(LEC) Electrolytes & Sodium

Question 1

Anion Electrolytes

Answer 1

Bicarbonate
Chloride
Phosphate
Lactate

Question 2

Cation Electrolytes

Answer 2

Calcium
Magnesium
Potassium
Sodium

Question 3

Where sodium goes, what follows?

Answer 3

chloride

Question 4

May result to arrhythmia if these electrolytes are low

Answer 4

Potassium and Calcium

Question 5

Organs that maintains the acid-base balance in the body

Answer 5

Kidney & Lungs

Question 6

Electrolyte that makes blood more alkaline

Answer 6

Bicarbonate

Question 7

Calcium is a part of what coagulation factor

Answer 7

Factor IV

Question 8

In Centrifuged blood, where can Electrolytes be found

Answer 8

Plasma

Question 9

Water distribution is controlled by what

Answer 9

Electrolytes & Proteins

Question 10

Process where water can move across the membrane

Answer 10

Osmosis

Question 11

Osmosis or Diffusion:

Water is the one who’s moving

Answer 11

Osmosis

Question 12

Osmosis or Diffusion:

Solute is the one who’s moving

Answer 12

Diffusion

Question 13

Diffusion from high concentration to lower concentration

Answer 13

Simple Diffusion

Question 14

Diffusion with the use of a channel

Answer 14

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 15

unit for Osmolality

Answer 15

mOsm/kg

Question 16

Normal Plasma Osmolality

Answer 16

275 - 295 mOsm/kg

Question 17

What happens to plasma osmolality in excess water intake

Answer 17

Low Plasma Osmolality

Question 18

What happens to plasma osmolality during dehydration

Answer 18

High Plasma Osmolality

Question 19

Status of AVP and thirst in Water Load

Answer 19

Suppressed

Question 20

Status of AVP and thirst in Water Deficit

Answer 20

Activated

Question 21

Between Angiotensin II and Angiotensin III, which is more biologically active

Answer 21

Angiotensin II

Question 22

Initiates Sodium reabsorption in exchnage of potassium

Answer 22

Aldosterone

Question 23

5 Factors that maintain Body Water Balance

Answer 23

1. Thirst Center from Hypothalamus
2. Angiotensin II
3. Aldosterone
4. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
5. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) / Vasopressin

Question 24

Increase or Decrease in Urine Osmolality:

Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 24

Decreased

Question 25

Increase or Decrease in Urine Osmolality: Polydipsia

Answer 25

Decreased

Question 26

Increased or Decrease in Urine Osmolality: Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

Answer 26

Increased

Question 27

Increased or Decrease in Urine Osmolality: Hypovalemia

Answer 27

Increased

Question 28

Osmolality Reference Range in Serum

Answer 28

275 - 295 mOsm/kg

Question 29

Osmolality Reference Range in Urine(24hrs)

Answer 29

300 - 900 mOsm/kg

Question 30

Osmolality Reference Range in Urine/serum ratio

Answer 30

1.0 - 3.0

Question 31

Osmolality Reference Range in Random Urine

Answer 31

50 - 1200 mOsm/kg

Question 32

Osmolality Reference Range in Osmolal gap

Answer 32

5 - 10 mOsm/kg

Question 33

Sodium is aka?

Answer 33

Natrium

Question 34

Valence of Sodium

Answer 34

1 (Monovalent)

Question 35

Where is Sodium concentration larger, EC of ICF?

Answer 35

ECF

Question 36

In Sodium-Potassium ATPase, for every Potassium ion that moves in, how many Sodium ions move out?

Answer 36

3

Question 37

Sodium or Potassium: Predominantly extracellular

Answer 37

Sodium

Question 38

Sodium or Potassium: Predominantly Intracellular

Answer 38

Potassium

Question 39

Two ways to stimulate thirst

Answer 39

1. Decrease in Volume in ECF (Dehydration) 2. Decrease in Osmolality of ECF (Hypernatremia)

Question 40

What happens to ADH, Aquaporins, and Urine Output in Well hydrated individuals

Answer 40

- Less ADH - Less Aquaporins - More Urine Output

Question 41

What happens to ADH, Aquaporins, and Urine Output in dehydrated individuals

Answer 41

- More ADH - More Aquaporins - Less Urine Output

Question 42

What happens to the reabsorption of Sodium and Water when Aldosterone is Decreased

Answer 42

Decreased Reabsorption

Question 43

What happens to the reabsorption of Sodium and Water when Aldosterone is Increased

Answer 43

Increased Reabsorption

Question 44

Reference Value of Sodium in Serum

Answer 44

135 - 145 mmol/L

Question 45

Hyponatremia reference range

Answer 45

<135 mmol/L

Question 46

Hypernatremia reference range

Answer 46

> 145 mmol/L

Question 47

Reference Value of Sodium in CSF

Answer 47

136 - 150 mmol/L

Question 48

Reference Value of Sodium in Urine(24hrs)

Answer 48

40 -220 mmol/L (Varies with diet)

Question 49

Increased sodium concentration in Plasma Water

Answer 49

Hypernatremia

Question 50

Causes of Hypernatremia

Answer 50

1. Reduced water intake 2. Increased Water loss 3. Increased Sodium Content

Question 51

Causes of Hypernatremia

Answer 51

1. Reduced Water Intake 2. Increased Water Loss 3. Increased Sodium Content

Question 52

Causes of Hypernatremia if urine is minimal and concentrated

Answer 52

1. Insensible water loss 2. Remote Renal Water Loss 3. GI losses

Question 53

Cause of Hypernatremia if there is non volume overloaded and urine is diluted

Answer 53

1. Osmotic Diuresis 2. Diabetes Insipidus

Question 54

Most common electrolyte disorder

Answer 54

Hyponatremia

Question 55

Causes of Hyponatremia

Answer 55

1. Renal Sodium Loss 2. Water Retention

Question 56

Pseudohyponatremia is aka?

Answer 56

False Hyponatremia

Question 57

Pseudohyponatremia is mostly a common cause in?

Answer 57

Vitro Hemolysis

Question 58

Effects of Isotonic Pseudohyponatremia

Answer 58

Hyperlipidemia Hyperproteinemia

Question 59

Hypertonic Pseudohyponatremia is aka?

Answer 59

Factitious Hyponatremia

Question 60

Effects Hypertonic Pseudohyponatremia

Answer 60

Hyperglycemia Mannitol Infusion