Lec Midterm Flashcards
(165 cards)
1
Q
In polyarteriitis nods virtually all the organs and tissues of the body may be involved in the pathological process except?
A
Vessels of the lungs and arch of the aorta
2
Q
Which of the following is the most common cause of acute pyelonephritis?
A
E. Coli
3
Q
Which of the following signs of nephrotic syndrome dev first?
A
Proteinuria
4
Q
Which of the following is the characteristic sign of nephritic syndrome?
A
Hypertension, RBC casts, azotemia
5
Q
Which of the following is the most common route by which infection can reach the kidney in acute pyelonephritis?
A
Ascending
6
Q
Circulating immune complex GMN is typical example of which of the following type of types of hypersensitivity rxns?
A
Type 3
7
Q
Which of the following organs are always involved in Goodpasture’s syndrome?
A
Lungs and Kidneys
8
Q
In Henoch-Schonlein purport the kidney involvement is manifested by development of which of the following Syndromes
A
Rapidly progressive GMN
9
Q
Wegner’s granulomatosis is associated with which of the following types of rapidly progressive (crescentic) GMN?
A
Type 3
10
Q
Which of the following is most common cause of acute proliferative GMN
A
Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus Group A
11
Q
Which of the following is the common complication of subacute bacterial endocarditis?
A
Stroke
12
Q
Which of the following is a correct order of frequency of the valvular involvement in rheumatic fever?
A
Mitral, aortic, tricuspid, pulmonary artery
13
Q
Aortic stenosis results in hypertrophy of which of the following parts of the heart?
A
Left Ventricle
14
Q
Which of the following is the common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis?
A
Alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus, aka Strept Viridans aka Strep Mitis
15
Q
Which of the following heart structures is involved most often in bacterial endocarditis?
A
Aortic valve
16
Q
Prizmetal’s angina is characterized by development of acute chest pain due to which of the following pathologies?
A
Coronary artery spasm
17
Q
Which of the following patterns of pain is the most typical for angina pectoris?
A
Diffuse retrosternal chest pain
18
Q
Which of the following is the correct name of a rheumatic fever manifestation characterized by jerky involuntary movements of facial and extremity muscles?
A
Syndenham’s chorea
19
Q
Which of the following pathologies of the heart valves is the most common cause of left atrium enlargement?
A
Mitral stenosis
20
Q
Which of the following pathologies of the heart valves leads to dev of very low (sometimes zero) diastolic pressure?
A
Aortic insufficiency
21
Q
80% of peptic ulcers dev in the stomach and only 20% in the duodenum
A
False (20% peptic, 80% duodenum)
22
Q
Accumulation of gas in the right upper abdominal area could be a sign of which pathologies?
A
Perforation of peptic ulcer
23
Q
Stomach peptic ulcer develops predominately in which of the following parts of the stomach?
A
Lesser curvature
24
Q
Unlike ulcer, stomach erosions are characterized by superficial damage of the stomach wall and a tendency to be multiple
A
True
25
Which of the following is not a complication of duodenal peptic ulcer?
Transformation into cancer
26
Heliobacter pylori is hound in all patients with duodenal peptic ulcer and in only 70% of ones with stomach peptic ulcer?
True
27
Wegner's granulomatosis is associated with which of the following types of rapidly progressive (Crescentic) GMN?
III
28
In Henoch-Shconlein purport the kidney involvement in manifested by development of which of the following syndromes?
Nephritic
29
Which of the following is the characteristic sign of the nephritic syndrome?
Hypertension
30
Which of the following signs of the nephrotic syndrome develops first?
Proteinuria
31
Which of the following is the characteristic sign of the nephritic syndrome?
Hypertension
32
Unlike ulcer, stomach erosions are characterized by superficial damage of the stomach wall and a tendency to be multiple
True
33
Which of the following HLA-antigens is found in majority of rheumatoid arthritis patients?
DR4 and DR1
34
Which of the following is not a complication of duodenal peptic ulcer?
Transformation into cancer
35
Which of the following patterns of pain is the most typical for angina pectoris?
Diffuse retrosternal chest pain
36
Aortic stenosis results in hypertrophy of which of the following parts of the heart?
Left ventricle
37
Which of the following pathologies of the heart valves leads to development of very low diastolic pressure?
Aortic insuffiency
38
The juxtaglomerular cells produce ____ in response to low BP
Renin
39
Heyman GMN, which attacks the podocytes, is what type of hypersensitivity rxn?
None of the Above
40
Which of the following is incorrect regarding Type 2 Rapidly Progressive Crescentic GMN?
Occurs in young men (more often in Boys)
41
Good pasture's Syndrome is characterized by the dev of antibodies against the basement membrane of?
The alveoli & glomerulus
42
Acute Proliferative (post strep infectious) GMN is caused by Beta hemolytic streptococcus group A and occurs predominantly in children.
True (3-10 YOA)
43
Necrotic granulomas of the upper and lower respiratory tract is characteristic of which Type 3 Rapidly Progressive GMN
Wegener's Granulomatosis
44
The most common cause of GMN in the world is?
IgA Nephropathy and Berger's Disease
45
This hereditary GMN is seen with other symptoms such as lens dislocation, cataracts, corneal atrophy and hearing problems
Alport Syndrome
46
Nephritic syndrome is characterized by which of the following?
Azotemia
47
Which is NOT seen with DM?
Hence-Schonlein Purpura
48
Hematuria, oliguria, nitrogen in blood, and hypertension characterize which disease?
Nephritic syndrome
49
Which is not a sign/symptom of acute pyelonephritis?
Low grade fever
50
T or F: Acute cystitis is common in males
F
51
In which organ to peptic ulcers develop most often?
Duodenum
52
Helicobacter pylori is present in ____% of duodenal peptic ulcer cases
100%
53
Rank the following sites for peptic ulcers from least to most common in occurrence?
Esophagus, stomach, duodenum
54
Which of the following defensive mechanism against peptic ulcers is mostly adversely effected by smoking and stress?
Mucosal blood flow
55
Which is the most common complication of peptic ulcers?
Hemorrhage
56
Which type of peptic ulcer is most likely to transform into cancer?
Stomach
57
Gastric pain that occurs b/t 30-60 minutes
Stomach peptic ulcer
58
Dysphagia, regurgitation, and the predisposition to esophageal adenocarcinoma are signs and symptoms of ?
Achalasia
59
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Hyper secretion of gastrin
60
Mallory Weiss syndrome is associated with a tear in the ?
Esophagus
61
Which type of hernia results in the dev of venous infarction and wet gangrene?
Hiatal paraesophageal hernia
62
The replacement of normal distal stratified mucous squamous epithelia by metaplastic columnar epithelia that have goblet cells occurs in which of the following?
Barret esophagus
63
achalasia is associated with neurological problem originating from?
Vagus n and ganglion & the myenteric plexus
64
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
Is the result of a congenital pathology
65
List the incidence of valvular involvement in Rheumatic fever from most to least common?
Mitral, aortic, tricuspid, pulmonary
66
Which is NOT seen with aortic valve stenosis?
Demussette's sign (syphilis)
67
Bacterial endocarditis most common effect which valve?
Aortic
68
Aschoff's nodes are found in which of the following layers of the heart?
Myocardium
69
Which of the following is NOT associated with Rheumatic Fever
Chorea, Tonsilitis, Arthritis are all associated with RF
70
Which is a manifestation of bacterial endocarditis?
Clubbing of the fingernails, retinal hemorrhages, and petechial rash of hands and mouth
71
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis is caused by which of the following?
Strep Viridans aka Strep Mitis
72
Which bacterial endocarditis is more dangerous?
Acute Bacterial endocarditis
73
Which of the following never results in lumen narrowing?
Monckeberg's Medial Calcific Sclerosis
74
Which of the following causes malignant hypertension?
Hyperplastic ateriosclerosis
75
Which typically effects the femoral, tibial, ulnar, and radial arteries?
Monckeberg's Medial Calcific Sclerosis
76
Which of the following is common in ppl w/ DM?
Atherosclerosis
77
Which of the following causes necrotizing arteriolitis of the kidneys?
Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis
78
What percentage of vessel obstruction is needed for clinical manifestation?
75%
79
Which of the following are controllable risk factors of ischemic heart disease?
Smoking, Hypercholesterolemia, hypertension
80
Which of the following is NOT part of the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease?
Increased conc of vasodilators released from symp activity
81
In what percentage of ischemic heart disease cases is sudden cardiac death the first manifestation?
50%
82
In which of the following type of angina pectoris would the patient experience pain after exertion , after consuming a large meal or after smoking?
Typical/Stable angina
83
Coronary artery vasospasm (Prinzmetal's variant) is an increase in the conc of vasoconstrictors (thromboxane) released with sympathetic activity and can cause death
True
84
Severe squeezing, diffuse retrosternal pain is associated with which of the following?
Angina pectoris
85
The most common causes of left sided heart failure include?
Mitral or aortic valve disease
86
The first problem resulting from right sided heart failure is?
Hepatomegaly
87
Symptoms of congestive heart failure include all except?
Bradycardia
88
Which substance is NOT secreted by Kidneys?
Leukotriens
89
In nephrotic syndrome there is a selective significant inc of glomerular permeability for which of the following?
Proteins
90
Which disease is characterized by formation of cavities in the lungs?
Wegner's Granulomatosis
91
Which protein-to-protein ratio is typical for nephrotic syndrome?
Albumin to globulin ratio is less than 1
92
During regular annual exam of a symptom free pt the high blood level of BUN was found. Which term describes this abnormality the best?
Azotemia
93
Which pathogenetic mechanism of GMN is associated with immune complex formation outside the kidneys?
Circulating immune complex deposition
94
Anti-GBM pathogenetic mechanism of GMN corresponds to which subtype of antibody-dependent type of hypersensitivity rxn?
Antibody-mediated cellular dysfxn
95
Which of the following diseases is NOT associated with Nephrotic Syndrome?
Buerger's Disease
96
Which acute GMN associated with nephritic syndrome most often turns into chronic GMN?
Crescentic GMN
97
Necrotizing papillitis in the kidney develops more often in which of the following disorders?
DM
98
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease is characterized morphologically by which of the following?
Ball-like deposits with the mesangium
99
Which of the following is the most common GMN disease?
Berger's Disease
100
In crescentic GMN the crescents in the glomeruli are formed by which of the following?
Hyperplasia of parietal epithelial cells
101
Pathogenesis of kidney involvement in Goodpasture's syndrome corresponds to which type of hypersensitivity rxns?
Antibody-Dependent (Type 2)
102
Which of the following is the most common disorders eventually resulting in ischemic heart disease?
Atherosclerosis
103
Which organ is NOT typical reservoir of the chronic infection in the body?
Liver
104
Which kind of angina pectoris is also known as preinfaction angina?
Crescendo
105
Long-term hypertension eventually leads to congestive heart failure. In this case which of the following signs and consequences of this transformation comes to the clinical attention first?
Pitting edema
106
Posterior deviation of esophagus on the x-ray film testifies to?
Enlargement of left atrium
107
What is NOT a part of atheroma?
Siderophages
108
Migratory arthritis is a typical manifestation of?
Rheumatic fever
109
What is the best term describing the compensatory run of the left atrial myocardium in mitral stenosis?
Eccentric hypertrophy
110
Ortopnea means the dev of dyspnea in congestive heart failure in which change of a pt's position?
Change from standing to lying position
111
Prinzmetal's angina means the obstruction of coronary artery b/c of?
Spasm
112
Onion-skinning is typically accompanied by which pathology?
Necrotizing arteriolitis
113
Pathogenesis of which disease is known as the molecular mimicry?
Rheumatic fever
114
Pulmonary artery stenosis develops in which disease?
Pulmonary artery is not involved in atherosclerosis, rheumatic fever, acute bacterial endocarditis, MMCS
115
Which if the following is associated with right-sided heart failure?
Plural effusion
116
Cor Pulmonale is NOT associated with?
Exudate accumulation in the pericardial cavity
117
Left ventricular failure is usually caused by the following disease except?
Bronchiectatis
118
Which pathology may often be complicated by venous infarction?
Paraesophegeal hernia
119
Smoking compromises which component of the stomach mucous barrier?
Mucosal blood flow
120
Boerhaave syndrome is characterized by which of the following?
Esophageal rupture
121
Helicobacter pylori is found in _____ its with duodenal peptic ulcers and in _____ of ones with stomach peptic ulcers.
100% & 70%
122
Which disease develops most commonly in alcoholics?
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
123
What is NOT correct for gastrinomas?
Do not metastasize
124
Which disease is considered the major cause of esophageal varies?
Liver cirrhosis
125
Aspirin leads to gastrointestinal side-effects by superior o which component of the mucous barrier?
Elaboration of prostaglandins
126
Traction diverticulum results from?
Mediastinal lymphadenitis
127
Which disorder is known to develop multiple peptic ulcers?
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
128
Chugs disease is associated with dev of which pathology?
Achalasia
129
Metaplasia in Barret esophagus is characterized by replacement of _____ epithelial cells to ____ epithelial cells
Squamous to Columnar
130
Onion-skinning is typically accompanied by which pathology?
Necrotizing arteriolitis
131
Left ventricular failure is usually caused by the following diseases except?
Lung emphysema
132
What is the best term describing the compensatory reaction of the left ventricle myocardium in aortic insufficiency?
Eccentric hypertrophy
133
Ortopnea means the development of dyspnea in congestive heart failure in which change of a pt's position?
Change from standing to lying position
134
Cor pulmonale is NOT associated w/
Ascites, hepatomegaly, pedal edema, nutmeg liver are all associated with Cor pumonale
135
Which of the following is associated with right-sided cardiac failure?
pleural effusion
136
Pathogenesis of which disease is known as the molecular mimicry?
Rheumatic fever
137
Which disease could result in ischemic-hemorrhagic stroke?
Subacute BE
138
Long term hypertension eventually leads to congestive heart failure. In this case which of the following signs and consequences of this transformation comes to the clinical attention first?
Hepatomegaly
139
Migratory arthritis is a typical manifestation of which disease?
Rheumatic fever
140
Prinzmetal's angina means the obstruction of coronary artery b/c of?
Spasm
141
Which is typical for the nephrotic syndrome?
Albumin to globulin ratio is less than 1
142
In nephritic syndrome there is a selective increase of glomerular permeability for which of the following
RBCs
143
Which of the following is the most common glomerular disease?
IgA nephropathy
144
In nephritic syndrome, which substance eventually resulting in hypertension is secreted primarily
REnin
145
In crescentic GMN the crescents in the glomeruli are formed by which of the following?
Proliferation of parietal epithelial cells
146
During regular annual exam of a symptom free pt the high blood level of creatinine was found Which term describes this abnormality the best?
Uremia
147
Which disease is characterized by formation of cavities in the lungs?
Wegener's granulomatosis
148
In Heymann's nephritis, in which later of the glomerular article wall will the immune complexes be formed or deposited?
Space b/t podocytes and glomerular basement membrane
149
A characteristic sign of nephritic syndrome is?
Azotemia
150
Which acute GMN associated w/ nephritic syndrome most often turns into chronic GMN?
Crescentic GMN
151
Pathogenesis of kidney involvement in polyarteritis nodosa corresponds to which type of hypersensitivity rxn?
None
152
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease is characterized morphologically by which of the following?
Ball like deposits within mesangium
153
Which organ is NOT involved in polyarteritis nodosa?
Lungs
154
Which of the following diseases more often predisposes to development of pyelonephritis?
Acute cystitis
155
What is NOT typical for a stomach ulcer?
Tendency to be multiple
156
Which pathology may often be complicated by venous infarction?
Zener diverticulum
157
Which disease dev most commonly in alcoholics?
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
158
What is NOT a complication of duodenal peptic ulcer:
Malignancy
159
Smoking compromises which component of the stomach mucous barrier
Mucosal blood flow
160
Aspirin leads to GI side-effects by suppression of which component of the mucous barrier?
Elaboration of prostaglandins
161
Which diseases is considered the major cause of esophageal varies?
Liver cirrhosis
162
Which disorder is known to develop multiple peptic ulcers?
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
163
Chagas disease is associated with development of which pathology?
Achalasia
164
The location of which esophageal diverticulum is near the midpoint of the esophagus?
Traction diverticulum
165
Boerhaave syndrome is characterized by whcih of the following?
Esophageal rupture
