Lec Test 4 Flashcards
(204 cards)
1
Q
are cuticles present in arthropods
A
yes, produces the exoskeleton
2
Q
indirect flight muscles
A
cause wing movement by altering shape of thorax
3
Q
parietal peritoneum
A
lines abdominal wall
4
Q
what are the skeletal elements in echinoderms
A
ossicles and spicuoles
5
Q
eucoelomate have parietal or visceral
A
both
6
Q
describe rotifera outer layer
A
cuticle, syncitial epidermis
7
Q
holometabolous
A
larval stage
pupa is where the radical transformation occurrs
8
Q
book gills are used how
A
water passes through them, taking oxygen out of them through counter current diffusion
9
Q
butterflies and moths do not have
A
mandibles, have long sucking proboscis
10
Q
where do nematomorpha live
A
mostly freshwater
11
Q
rotifera coelom
A
pseudocoelomate
12
Q
chemotaxis
A
response to different chemicals in environment
13
Q
what is a lorica
A
shielding plate on top of cuticle in rotifera
14
Q
only having ID muscles for flight
A
ID muscles contract, elevating wings up
longitudinal thoracic muscles contract and arch tergum causing wings to lower
15
Q
what is an incomplete digestive system
A
not mouth to anus, usually has gvc
16
Q
monoecious
A
having both male and female gonads in same organism
17
Q
protostome coelom
A
schizocoelous, tissue splits open creating new space
18
Q
what does ecdysis mean
A
molting
19
Q
what is in holometaboulous
A
larval stage, radical change from pupa to adult
egg-larva-pupa-adult
20
Q
what is the fusion of the head and throrax called
A
prosoma
21
Q
what is indirect development
A
holometabolous and or hemimetabolous
22
Q
what are nectonematids
A
horse hair live on marine crustaceans
23
Q
horse hair food
A
parasitic until adult stage
24
Q
what is the life cycle stages of arthropods
A
egg, larva, instar, pupa, adult
25
metamerisim
segmentation: functional clusters
26
what is the exoskeleton made of
chitin with embedded protein
27
where are trophi located on rotifera
neck
28
what are sclerites
complex system of plates connect by concealed, flexible hinge joints
29
flexor muscles do
bring appendage towards the body
30
what is the general body plan of a rotifera
corona (head), neck, trunk, foot, toes
31
more derived tagmata
losses or fusion of segments
32
label water flow in echinoderm
madreporite- stone canal- ring canal- radial canal-lateral canal- ampullae- tube foot
33
echinoidea
sea urchin, ambulacral grooves are everywhere, tube feet very fine, spines have muscles at end of base used as defense function
34
extensor muscles do
extend appendage away from body
35
does acoelomate have parietal or visceral
none
36
what is the advantage for larva and adults when it comes to food
larva and adults wont be competing for food since only one stage focuses on feeding
37
parthogenesis
in some instances, unfertilized eggs develop into a new individual
38
what is the exoskeleton composed of
chiton, calcium, various proteins, polysaccharides
39
extinct arthropoda
trilobita
40
horse hair sexual reproduction?
dioecious
41
spiders give birth to
live young, viviporous
42
deuterostome blastopore
develops into anus
43
taxis
response to environmental stimuli, go towards or away
44
what are pedipalps
help manipulate food
45
what is the purpose of the adult stage
some feeding, seeking mate and reproducing
46
what is different about rotifera reproduction
parthogenesis
47
direct flight muscles
attached to wing
48
what is direct development
no radical transformation, no larval stage, juvenile looks like adult
49
general features for chelicerata
no antennae
2 tagmata (prosoma, opisthosoma)
chelicerae
50
acoelomate
no body cavity
51
is there a brain in echinodermsn
no
52
what is a telson on a crustacean
unsegmented end
53
what forms the food channel in sucking mouth parts
labrum pharynx
54
cuticle of each body segment composed of
4 sclerites
55
what about circulatory system in echinoderms
very reduced
56
what is the name for abdomen in chelicerata
opisthosoma
57
mastax
musculated pharynx
58
function of pedal glands
secrete an adhesive material used by both sessile and creeping forms
59
what are gordiids
horse hair parasites on terrestrial arthropods
60
describe exoskeleton of arthropods
composed of chitin, calcium and various protein
61
where are malpighian tubules located
at the junction of the midgut and hindgut, the ends of the tubules lie in the hemocoel
62
biramus
appendages have two brances
63
interspecific
competition between different species
64
what are successive molts
instars
65
what developmental pattern in crustaceans
indirect
66
what is an ocellus
at end of each arm in echinoderm, detects light and direction
helps with balance
67
phototaxis
response to light
68
spinnerettes funciton
prey capture, movements, locomotion, shelters
69
what are taenidia
located inside trachea that are spiral like and support trachea and prevent their collapse
70
what is the main reason for the larval stage
all about feeding and growth
71
how does gas exchange work
muscular movements in abdomen, jaw and limbs draw air into trachea and expands air sacs , then collapse in expiration
jaw and limb movements increase pressure inside exoskeleton causing trachea to contract and insect exhale
72
what helps with rigidity in sclerites
scleroproteins, water proof and are light for flight
73
what are the 4 cuticles
tergum, ventral sternum, and pair of lateral pleura
74
uniramous
unbranched appendages
75
how many toes do rotifera have
one to four
76
function of trophi
hard jaws that grind food
77
what are nematomorpha
horse hair worms
78
is there a complete digestive system in echinoderms
yes but very short
79
ametabolous
missing larval stage
80
size of rotifera
very small,
81
rotifera live how
benthic and pelagic
82
deuterostome cleavage pattern
radial
83
metabolic rates of arthropods
high, very active
84
segmentation in echinodermats
no
85
what is a complete digestive system
mouth to anus
86
what is metamerism
segmentation
87
what is the endoskeleton made of in echinoderms
calcium carbonate
88
deuterostome cell fate
indeterminate, cell fate established late
89
what development has no larval stage
direct development
90
thigmotaxis
touch
91
what is special about holothuroide
bilateral symmetry, tube feet on one side, loss of dermal branchiae, benthic, tentacles used for feeding
shoots out sticky threads meshing predator in slimey thick tissue
contains respiratory tree inside
92
chewing mouthparts
seizing and crushing foods
herbivores
carnivores: sharp pointed mouth parts for piercing
93
sexual reproduction of rotifera
dioecious
94
in crustaceans, exoskeleton is
calcified
95
what is chitin
polysaccharides, linked glucose units, each unit is attached to nitrogen group
96
rotifer have how many body parts
3, head trunk and foot
97
is there cilia on nematomorpha
no
98
more derived crustacea
fewer segments with more specialization
99
diplopoda
millipede,
poorly developed head, detritivores and herbivores
not active, 2 pairs of walking legs per segment
100
trophi
grind food, jaw like structures
101
what is the more derived tagmata
losses, fusion of segments
102
what appendages would you find on an arthropod
antennae, mouth parts, wings, walking legs
103
do you reproduce during the larval stage
no
104
intraspecific
competition between the same specie
105
are rotifera eutelic
yes
106
what appendages do crustaceans have
antennae, mandibles, maxillae, maxillipeds, cheliped, wlalking legs, swimmerets, uropod
107
sponging/lapping mouth parts
apex of labium is large, soft lobes with grooves that serve as food channels
either eat liquidy food or make liquidy food with salivary secretions
108
ancestral crustacea
more segments similar to each other
109
where are pedal glands found in rotifera
the foot
110
ticks
juveniles resemble adults, head and thorax fused together, disease vectors, modified feet, modified mouth parts with barbs
111
what type of behaviors are shown in arthropods
complex behaviors, form colonies, organized
112
toes
used for attachment
113
horse hair adult stage purpose
not to feed but just to find a mate and reproduce
114
deuterostoe coelom
entercoelous, digestive tract forms, has bubble that expands, forms by outpocketing
115
tagmata
segmented clusters with function
116
description of horse hair
long, slender, consistently thin
117
instar
successive molts
118
ecdysis
molting
119
do nematomorpha have a cuticle
yes
120
what type of coelom do arthropods have
eucoelomate
121
uniramus
single branched appendages
122
what are the parts included in gas exchange for insects
spiracles, trachea, tracheoles, air sacs and taenidia
123
echinoderm eucoelomates?
yes, parietal and visceral connected to mesoderm
124
eucoelomate
true body cavity, fully lined
125
how do rotifers acquire food
tofts which are on the corona, have cilia that create movement in liquid to sweep particles into the mouth
126
what type of skeleton would you find on an arthropod
exoskeleton
127
function of dermal branchiae
respiration and gas diffusion
128
mandibles used for
to bite or tear with teeth like structure
129
are antennae found in chelicerata
no
130
chilopoda
centipede, paired appendages except on last two segments and segment behind head
single pair of appendages, has poison claws
very active, looking for prey, aggressive
well developed head with well developed eyes, single pair of legs per segment
131
sensilla
used as mechanical stimuli, for touch, pressure or vibration
| seta or hair like process with nerve attached to it at the base
132
what are the two different phases in indirect development
holometabolous and hemimetabolous
133
what type of symmetry do echinodermatas have
radially
134
distinctive features of rotifera
ciliated tufts near mouth, mastax, trophi, and toes
135
what is ancestral tagmata
head/trunk
136
is there an endoskeleton present in echinoderms
yes
137
what is called the radical change from pupa to adult
metamorphisis
138
circulatory system of arthropods
open circulatory
139
how does forward thrust work when flying
direct muscles help alter angle of wings so they act at lifting airfoils during up and downstroke
140
appendages of arthropods
antennae, mouth parts, wings and walking legs
141
function of mapighian tubules
acts like a kidney system, exchange of ions and water depending on if the insect needs to retain water or get rid of water or keep ions or get rid of ions
142
what are chelicerae
appendages may be modified into fangs, stingers an claws
143
derived tagmata
head, thorax, abdomen
144
phyla found in ecdysis
arthropoda and nematoda
145
is there an excretory system in echinoderms
no
146
ancestral tagmata
head, trunk
147
what is special about crinoidea
feather and basket stars, have long stalk, mouth oriented up , loss of external madreporite, suspension feeding
148
exopod
small extension coming off of basis in biramous appendage
149
pedicellariae
on bases of spines, has tiny jaws to keep body surface free of debris, protect papulae, sometimes aide in food capture
150
pedipalps in arachnida can do
send liquid into prey to liquify prey from inside
151
what are the two groups in nematomorpha
nectonematids
| gordiids
152
at first the exoskeleton is
flexible but will become rigid
153
what is eutelic
fixed number of body cells
154
instars
stages in between molts
155
what are the stages in ametobolous
egg, juvenile, and adult
156
what type of circulatory system do arthropods have
open circulatory system
157
how many tagmata do crustaceans have
3, head thorax and abdomen
158
what are the stages in hemimetabolous
egg, nymph (several instars), adult
159
coelom of arthropods
eucoelomates
160
function of water vascular system in echinoderms
connected muscular tubules that allow animal to move
161
what is another term for direct development
ametabolous
162
what are the growth stages of arthropods
egg, larval, juvenile, adult
163
size of rotifera
very small, microscopic
164
hemocoel in arthropods
not a coelom, persistent blastocoel that becomes blood filled hemocoel
165
what produces the exoskeleton
the cuticle
166
what is apomixis
asexual reproduction, no genetic recombination
167
endpod
larger extension coming off of basis in biramous appendage
168
protostome cleavage pattern
spiral
169
thigmotaxis
response to touch
170
does pseudocoelomate have parietal or visceral
parietal
171
phyla found in locotophozoa
platyhelminthes, annelida and molluscs
172
coxa
part of protopod, directly attached to gill
173
when indirect and direct flight muscles are used for flight
ID muscles contract, elevating wings up
| Direct muscles contact, lowers wings
174
purpose of larval stage
feeding and growth, do not reproduce in this stage
175
what is taxis
response to environmental stimuli: go towards or away
176
protostome cell fate
mosiac, cell fate determined early on
177
what are two things needed in flying
thrust and lift
178
sucking mouthparts
form tube, fasicle made of mandibles, maxillae, hypopharynx and labrum-epipharynx are elongated into needlelike stylets
179
living status of rotifera
aquatic and terrestrial
180
biramous
2 parted appendages
181
maxillae used for
holding foods and pass it towards mouth
182
visceral perotineum
wrapped around internal organs
183
what is derived tagmata
head/thorax/abdomen
184
nymphs
only present in hemimetabolous, young is aquatic, wings develop externally and increase in size as animal grows by successive molts
185
function of mastax
musculated pharynx, constantly chewing
186
is there a head in echinoderms
no
187
what hemimetabolous
gradual metamophosis
aquatic eggs (nymph), wings develop externally and grow larger through different instars
becomes winged adult
188
horse hair coelom
pseudocoelom
189
type of muscle in horse hair
longitudinal muscle only
190
function of mesenteric tissue
anchors organs to abdominal wall
191
protostome blastopore
develops into mouth
192
cryptobiosis
metabolically inert, water pulled out of animal dehydrated
| can protect their cells in this state
193
digestive system of rotifera
complete
194
what is direct development
no radical transformation, no larval stage, juvenile looks like adult, successive molts are instars, ametabolous
195
what does locotrophozoa mean
locophore: modified tentacls
trocophore: larva
196
pseduocoelomate
false body cavity, organs attached to tissue that is mesenteric tissue
197
whats different about echinodermatas
a lot of evolutionary losses
198
what is special about the larval stage of echinoderms
they have bilateral symmetry
199
dioecious
having male and female gonads in separate individuals
200
what are the two sides called of echinodermatas
aboral and oral side
201
what are functional clusters
tagmata
202
function of tufts
sweeps particles into mouth
203
merostomata
horse shoe crab
204
phototaxis
light
