Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Zoology > lecture test 5 > Flashcards

lecture test 5 Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

heterochrony

A

evolutionary change in the relative time of appearance or rate of development of characteristics from ancestor descendant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

paedomorphosis

A

retention of ancestral juvenile features in later stages of the ontogeny of descendants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

function of endostyle

A

secretes mucus that traps small food particles brought into the pharyngeal slits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what organ is derived from the endostyle

A

thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe hemichordata

A

worm like, acorn worm, ciliated, complete digestive system, long and circ muscles, marine, free living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why is a hemichordate not placed in chordate

A

only contains gill slits and notochord

notochord more like stomochord not homologous to notochord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what defines developmental patterns

A

sequence of events

length of each stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

heterochrony

A

change in timing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

define chordata

A

contains all five characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

craniate

A

bony or cartilaginous cranium surrounding brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

gnathastomata

A

jawed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

vertebrae

A

bony structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

whats the list of ancestral to derived of chordate features

A

chordata, craniate, agnatha, vertebrae, gnathastomata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

endochondral bone is

A

bone that replaces cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ostracoderms

A

vertebrates, no jaws, bony sheild like plates, numerous but very small teeth, no paired fins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

placoderm

A

vertebrates, articulated jaws, armored more than ostracoderms, paired appendages, pelvic and pectoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

acanthodians

A

vertebrates, jawed, loss of bony plates, replaced with dermal structures that resemble shark dermal dentacles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

homocercal tail

A

tail equal on both sides, in bony fish, more derived

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

heterocercal tail

A

not even tails, larger on one side, more ancestral, sharks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

diphycercal caudal fin

A

lobe finned fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

placoid scales

A

heavy larger and thicker, most ancestral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ganoid scales

A

romboidal, thick center and thinner edges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ctenoid scales

A

derived, circle with one side of jagged edge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cycloid scale

A

derived, round with thickness in center, circular structure in middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
label scales from ancestral to derived
placoid, ganoid, ctenoid, cycloid, no scaled
26
physostomous
tube connecting swim bladder to esophagus
27
physoclistous
gases diffuse into and out of the blood stream through rete merabile and ovale
28
why is counter current exchange more efficient in diffusion
maintain opposite flow so a concentration gradient is kept for a greater distance resulting in a more efficient exchange
29
how do fish hear
using webbarian ossicles that are little bones adjacent to the swim bladder, pick up vibrations from swim bladder and transmit to brain which becomes auditory
30
hyperosmostic regulation
high solute conc inside fish, water goes into fish and salt comes out, fresh water fish, void excess water in dilute urine, in gills there are special cells that absorb salt
31
hypo-osomotic regulation
low solute conc in fish, water exits and salt goes in, saltwater fish, gills have salt secretory cells, to replace water loss, animal drinks salt water, additional salts can be placed in intestine and excreted with feces
32
ecototherm
having a body temp derived from heat aqcuired from environment
33
endothermi
having a body temp determined by heat derived from animals own oxidative metabolism
34
defining features of amphibia
sensory organs move to head, respiration used as cutaneous gills and lungs, eyelids and glands, chromatophores, flattened skulls and pelvic girdle, legs are place out to the side of body, three chambered heart,ectothermic
35
heart features
atria and ventricle, oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, introduce double circulation
36
anapsid
no openings behind eye orbits
37
diapsid
2 openings behind eye orbits
38
synapsid
single opening behind eye orbits
39
what are the modifications of the skull in birds
fusion of bones, loss of certain bones, hollowing out of bones
40
what bones did birds lose
phalanges of forearm
41
what fusion of bones of birds
pygostyle, and synosacrum
42
what is the keel
elaboration of bone to create a larger area for attachment
43
what are feathers made of
keratin
44
down feathers
insulating
45
countour feathers
flight feathers, larger category
46
filoplume feathers
degenerate feathers
47
what are the structures in a feather
barb with barbules that look like hooks, calamus, rachis, vane
48
do birds have teeth
no, keratinized sheeth over jaw
49
do birds have a bladder
no
50
do birds have sweat glands
no
51
what digestive features do birds have
crop, stomach which is made of proventriculous and gizzard, moves to intestine then coaca
52
what about respiration in birds
no diaphragm, one lung, multiple distinct air sacs located throughout body located anteriorly and posteriorly
53
what are some derived features in mammals
heterodont, secondary palate, turbinate bones in nasal cavity, diaphragm, modifications of skull to create bones for hearing
54
what are the hearing bones
malleus, stapes, and incus
55
monotremes
oviparous, egg laying
56
marsupalia
transient placenta, live embryonic young emerge and migrate to pouch like structure, milk glands become source of nutrition, embryo completes development in marsupian
57
eutheria
viviparous, create true placenta, endothermic, hair, sweat, oil, scent and milk glands
58
where are horns found
both male and female
59
what is made up of horns
keratin layer that surrounds underlying bone
60
growth and do they fall off? horns
grow continously and never fall off
61
horns branched?
no
62
where are antlers found
males
63
what is made up of antlers
new bone is created underneath, vascularized tissue
64
growth and do they fall off? antlers
seasonal growth, they do fall off and are replaced
65
antlers branched
yes
66
significance of secondary palate
separates oral from nasal cavity, and allows breathing and chewing at same time
67
homodont
teeth all the same
68
heterodont
differences in teeth
69
what is the evolutionary line in mammals
synapsids, pelycosaurus, therapsids, cynodonts, mammalia
70
what are vibrissae
ennervated hairs
71
another name for coat
pelage
72
a pelage is made of
under hairs and guard hairs
73
what are underhairs
insulation
74
what are guard hairs
protective, coloration
75
functions of hairs
cryptic coloration, insulating effect, predator difference, temp regulation but also cooling
76
growth in hair follicle
new cells develop at blood vessel at base of hair, pushes keratinized cells towards end of hair
77
function of diaphragm muscle
loss of lumbar ribs, helps chest cavity volume increase and decrease

Zoology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions