Test 2 Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
size for prokaryotes
A
small compared to eukaryotes
2
Q
size for eukaryotes
A
bigger compared to prokaryotes 100 micrometers
3
Q
genetic material for prokaryotes
A
single, circular chromosomes
4
Q
genetic material for eukaryotes
A
multiple linear chromosomes
5
Q
nature of cell division for prokaryotes
A
binary fission
6
Q
nature of cell division for eukaryotes
A
mitosis and meiosis
7
Q
internal compartmentalization for prokaryotes
A
no membrane bound organelles
8
Q
internal compartmentalization for eukaryotes
A
contains membrane bound organelles
9
Q
structure of flagellae for eukaryotes
A
9+2 flagella
10
Q
cell wall structure of prokaryotes
A
peptidoglycan cell wall
11
Q
cell wall structure of eukaryotes
A
cellulose/chitin/silica cell wall
12
Q
presence or absence of cytoskeleton in prokaryotes
A
absent
13
Q
presence or absence of cytoskeleton in eukaryotes
A
present
14
Q
structure of cilia or flagella
A
long, rod like structure that is an extension of the body. connected to basal body
9 double microtubules surround 2 single microtubules
cilia are just shorter
15
Q
why is protista no longer recognized as formal taxonomic group
A
contains classifications of plant, fungi and animal
16
Q
excavata general features
A
feeding groove
17
Q
chromalveolata
A
corticle aveoli
sac like structure near membrane
18
Q
three types of motility
A
cilia/ flagella
cell extension
cell flow
19
Q
cilia/flagella motility description
A
membrane bound cell exntensions
beat, whip around
20
Q
cell extensions motility
A
cell spits something out with force
not membrane bound
21
Q
cell flow motility
A
pseudopodia
part of cell membrane
change in cell shape
22
Q
types of pseudopodia
A
lobopodia axopodia filipodia reticulopodia rhizopodia
23
Q
lobopodia
A
rounded
crawl movement
24
Q
axopodia
A
pointy
increase surface area or defense
25
rhizopodia
extensions like hand
| attachment to prey or surface
26
filopodia
rounded point
| increased resistance to descent in a water column
27
reticulopodia
rounded with netting
| capturing
28
pellicle
membrane associated proteins
| protection and allowing them to maintain shape, more hydrodynamic
29
how are pellicles in apicomplexa
in packed vesicles called aveoli
30
how are pellicles in euglenoids
protein strips aligned spirally along body
31
axostyle
stiffened rod made of microtubules extends along longitudinal axis of body
endoskeletal framework, locomotion
32
mixotrophic
uses both autotroph and heterotroph
33
function of apical complex
host cell penetration
34
kinetoplast
modified mitochondria with condensed DNA
35
conjugation and micronucleus in paramecium
cells exchange micro nuclei
meiosis of two nuclei when 4 in each cell present, exchange of one nuclei to other cell while other 2 nuclei in cell desentegrate
causes two micronuclei with shared dna
36
what is the cell wall like of dinoflagellate
cell wall composed of separate cellulosic "plates" known as theca that lie just with in cell membrane
37
how many flagella in dinoflagellate/dinophyta
2
| oriented perpendicular to each other and beat with in 2 grooves
38
significance of zooxanthellae and various toxins produced by dinoflagellate
store starch
live in tissues of various invertebrate including corals and molluscs
provide food for invertebrates
39
structure of radiolarian
silicieous skeleton provides fossil
endoplasm is capsule
outer ectoplasm is calymma
40
difference between shell of radiolaria and foraminiferan
radiolaria has silicieous
| foraminiferan has silicieous or calcium carbonate
41
general features of porifera
```
radial or asymmetrical symmetry
mostly marine
filter and suspension feeders
polyp or medusa
no organs or organ systems
```
42
asconoid
basic filter, open cavity
| choanocyte line inside the filter
43
syconoid
chambers, choanocyte line chambers not inside
44
leuconoid
most complex, best filter due to most surface area absorption
45
amoebocytes
redistribute nutrients
| found under choanocyte
46
archeocytes
create skeletal elements for sponge
47
skeletal elements found in sponge created by archeocytes
collenocyte, sclerocyte, and spongeocyte
48
choanocytes
capture food, filter food
49
pinacocytes
covering cell, epidermal cell
50
porocytes
control size of opening
| monitor and adjust size of dermal ostia
51
filter feeding process and digestion in porifera
the flagella on choanocyte whizes water through reticulopodia into choanocyte
amoebocyte takes nutrients from choanocyte to other areas of the sponge
52
sclerocyte produces
spicuoles
53
collenocyte produces
collagen protein
54
spongocyte produces
spongin protein
55
syncitium/coenocyte
multinucleus
considered acellular
nuclei is not separated by membranes
56
mesohyl
gelatinous matrix
57
where is mesohyl found
right outside of epidermal layer of pinocytes
58
reproductive process in poriferans
gamete producing cells produce both male and female
gametes released in spongocoel and out of osculum where they are fertalized outside of sponge
zygote then settles on substrate
59
how many species of cnidarians
over 9000
60
where do cnidarians live
mostly marine few aquatic
61
where would you find cnidarians
tropics and subtropics
| where most diverse
62
what is benthic
attached to bottom
63
what is pelagic
in water column
64
what are the classes of cnidarians
hydrozoa, anthozoa, scyphozoa and cubozoa
65
what type of life cycle do cnidarians have
dimorphic
66
what type of reproduction does cnidarians have
asexual and sexual
67
motile is
medusa
68
sessile is
polyp
69
what are the two distinct tissue types in cnidarians
gastrodermis and epidermis
70
what is the mesoglea
non cellular layer that is gelatinous matrix
71
what type of symmetry do cnidarians have
radial/ wagon wheel
72
what are the two types of tissue
simple and complex
73
what type of cells are in a hydra
secretory cells are located in the gvc
74
what is connected to secretory cells
cilia
75
what is the function of secretory cells
digest components imported into cell, then send them back out into gvc to export them
76
function of cilia on secretory cell
move water in gvc with digested components for absorption and secretion
77
what is being diffused into and out of the gvc
water
78
what cells are located on outside of cnidarian
epidermal, epitheliomuscular cell, embryonic stem cell and cnidocyte
79
function of epitheliomuscular
cell that creates movement for jelly fish
80
function of cnidocyte
holds nematocyst, capture prey
81
function of embryonic stem cell
tissue repair and cell replacement
82
what will you find between epidermal and gastrovascular in cnidarians
diffuse nerve net
83
how does the diffuse nerve net work
there is sensory which detects stimuli, and there is effector neurons that cause response
84
what cells are involved for prey capture in cnidarians
cnidocytes
85
three functions of cnidocytes
used for injection of neuro toxins, entanglement of prey, and attachment
86
triggering mechanism of nematocyst
physical contact triggers
everything coiled into cnidocyte
water rushes in, causes pressure
structure everts and then spits out allowing to anchor into orey
87
do cnidarians have muscles
no
88
how do cnidarians move
epitheliomuscular cell
contains proteins that allow cell shape to change
the cell pushes against gvc fulid causing movement
89
what proteins are used in epitheliomuscular cell for movement
dinein and kinesin
90
when longitudinal muscles contract
circular relax
| short and wide
91
when circular muscles contract
longitudinal relax
| long and skinny
92
which protistas have pellicles
Euglenida, kinetoplastida, trypanosomatidea
93
loss of mitochondria
retortamonada, axostylata
94
axostyle
axostylata
95
paramylon
euglenida
96
kinetoplast
kinetoplastida and trypanosomatidea
97
amoeboid
foraminifera, radiozoa
98
calcium carbonate shell/testate
foraminifera
99
silica skeleton, capsule and calymma
radiozoa
100
cortical alveoli
ciliophora, dinophyta, apicomplexa
101
micro/ macro nuclei
ciliophora
102
submembrane system
ciliophora
103
pellicle and cilia
ciliophora
104
biflagellate
dinophyta
105
auto and heterotrophic
dinophyta
106
zooxanthellae
dinophyta
107
parasitic
apicomplexa
108
apical complex
apicomplexa
109
protista parasites
giardia, trichomonas, trypanosoma, leishmania, toxoplasma, plasmodium, ceratium and noctiluca
110
giardia causes
diarrhea
sits in human digestive tract
found in contaminated water
host ingests cysts
111
trichomonas causes
vaginitis
112
trypanosoma causes
african sleeping sickness
113
vector of trypanosoma
flies
114
leishmania causes
visceral disease affecting liver and spleen
| lesions in throat, nose skin ulcers
115
leishmania vector
sand flies
116
toxoplasma causes
human eats infected meat
| cysts held in tissue
117
plasmodium causes
malaria
118
plasmodium vector
mosquito
119
ceratium and noctiluca causes
potent toxins to eat away at flesh
120
mechanical vector
agent transmits path but does not use it complete cycle
parasite vehicle
carrier that parasite does not live within
121
biological vector
inside agent, parasite stages, could be one or more
122
what would i find on a apical complex
conoid, polar ring and rhoptries
123
what would i find on a euglenoidea cell
reservoir, ocelli, paramylon, chloroplasts, pellicle, 2 flagella
124
what would i find in a paramecium cell
microtubules, basal body, kinety, cytostome, cytopharynx, micro and macro nucleus, vacuole, trichocyst, contractile vacuole, cytoproct
125
benthic
attached to substrate or lurking at bottom
126
pelagic
in water column
127
nekton
move in water column, against current horizontally or vertically
128
plankton
no motion or too weal to overcome current
zooplankton
phytoplankton
129
what is infraciliature/kinetics in a paramecium cell
a fibril arises from basal body and passes beneath the row of cilia, joining the other fibrils of that row
this forms the kinety
does not help ciliary movement that is with electrical impulses
