[LEC] UNIT 1 LIVER FUNCTION

Question 1

T or F: The left lobe is 6x larger than the right lobe

Answer 1

F

The right lobe is 6x larger than the left

Question 2

What is the liver’s weight in kg?

Answer 2

1.2-1.5 kg

Question 3

What is the color of the liver?

Answer 3

reddish-brown

Question 4

Structure that divides the left and right lobes of the liver

Answer 4

Falciform ligament

Question 5

Bile storage for the degradation of fats

Answer 5

Gallbladder

Question 6

T or F: The liver is a highly vascular organ

Answer 6

T

Question 7

The liver supplies ___ L or _____ mL of blood per minute

Answer 7

1.5 L or 1500 mL

Question 8

The Portal Triad

Answer 8

HaPvBd

Hepatic Artery
Portal Vein
Bile Duct

Question 9

Major blood vessels of the liver

Answer 9

Hepatic Artery
Portal Vein

Question 10

Blood vessel that carries deoxygenated and nutrient-rich blood

Answer 10

Portal Vein

Question 11

Blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood

Answer 11

Hepatic Artery

Question 12

Vascular spaces within the liver

Answer 12

Sinusoids

Question 13

Functional units responsible for all metabolic and excretory functions performed by the liver

Answer 13

Lobules

Question 14

Each lobule is roughly a ___-sided structure

Answer 14

six

Question 15

Each lobule has a _____ _____ at the center and _____ ______ at each corner

Answer 15

central vein ; portal triad

Question 16

Liver cells

Answer 16

Hepatocytes
Kupffer cells

Question 17

System responsible for metabolic reactions and macromolecular synthesis

Answer 17

Hepatocyte system

Question 18

System responsible for metabolism of bilirubin and bile salts

Answer 18

Biliary system

Question 19

System responsible for immunity and production of heme and globin metabolites

Answer 19

Reticuloendothelial system

Question 20

T or F: The liver performs the key roles in body energy metabolism

Answer 20

T

Question 21

Breakdown of glucose to ATP is called _______, and it occurs in _______

Answer 21

Glycolysis ; all cells (not just the liver)

Question 22

T or F: The liver plays a crucial role in
synthesizing various proteins essential for blood clotting and immune system function.

Answer 22

T

Question 23

4 Major Functions of the Liver

Answer 23

MEDS

Metabolism
Excretion/Secretion
Detoxification
Storage

Question 24

The liver metabolizes many biological compounds including

Answer 24

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins

Question 25

Liver function tests performed to assess protein content

Answer 25

Total Protein Albumin A/G

Question 26

Major protein synthesized and secreted by the liver

Answer 26

Albumin

Question 27

T or F: The liver is a gatekeeper between substances absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and those released into the systemic circulation.

Answer 27

T

Question 28

Every substance absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract must pass through the liver before reaching the rest of the body. This phenomenon is termed as ______ _____.

Answer 28

First pass

Question 29

2 methods of detoxification

Answer 29

Inactivation Modification

Question 30

Alcohol becomes an aldehyde, which then turns into acetic acids to be able to be excreted. This method of detoxification is under: modification or inactivation?

Answer 30

Modification

Question 31

T or F: Paracetamol is an over-the-counter drug because it does not have harmful effects on the liver

Answer 31

F It is OTC because the liver can modify excess Paracetamol.

Question 32

NH3 is converted to _____ by the liver

Answer 32

Urea

Question 33

The liver acts as the storage of

Answer 33

GLAV Glycogen Lipids Amino acids and proteins Vitamins

Question 34

The excretory system's pathway in order

Answer 34

Bile canaliculi Intrahepatic ducts R&L Hepatic ducts Cystic duct (and common hepatic duct) Common bile duct

Question 35

The common bile duct connect to which part of the small intestine?

Answer 35

Duodenum

Question 36

T or F: Only exogenous substances are excreted by the liver into the bile or urine.

Answer 36

F both endogenous and exogenous substances

Question 37

T or F: The liver is the only organ that has the capacity to rid the body of heme waste products.

Answer 37

T

Question 38

____ L of bile is produced per day

Answer 38

3 L

Question 39

____ L of bile is excreted per day

Answer 39

1

Question 40

Bilirubin

Answer 40

Principal pigment in bile

Question 41

T or F: Bilirubin is derived from iron-containing heme such as RBCs and proteins

Answer 41

T

Question 42

T or F: Although the liver has the ability to regenerate new cells when damaged, the effects of cirrhosis are irreversible.

Answer 42

T

Question 43

Precursor of bile acids

Answer 43

Cholesterol

Question 44

T or F: Bacteria in the liver dehydrate bile salts into secondary bile acids

Answer 44

F in the colon

Question 45

Principal pigment in bile

Answer 45

Bilirubin

Question 46

Bilirubin is derived from

Answer 46

80% RBCs 20% Proteins (Myoglobin, Catalase, Cytochrome)

Question 47

Heme, when broken down, releases _______ and __________

Answer 47

Porphyrin and Iron

Question 48

______ goes back to the amino acid pool

Answer 48

Globin

Question 49

Porphyrin is acted upon by this enzyme to form Biliverdin

Answer 49

Heme oxygenase

Question 50

Biliverdin is acted upon by this enzyme to form unconjugated bilirubin

Answer 50

Biliverdin reductase

Question 51

Binds to B1 until it reaches the liver

Answer 51

Albumin

Question 52

B2 enters the bile canaliculi and exits through a __________________

Answer 52

Common Bile Duct

Question 53

T or F: B1 is insoluble in water and alcohol

Answer 53

F Water only

Question 54

Proteins that come with ligandin

Answer 54

protein Y and Z

Question 55

Gives color to the stool

Answer 55

Stercolobilin

Question 56

T or F: Only the liver can rid the body of heme and waste products

Answer 56

F

Question 57

Where does the ligandin bring B1?

Answer 57

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum