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MT 6324 > [LEC] UNIT 1.2 LIVER FUNCTION > Flashcards

[LEC] UNIT 1.2 LIVER FUNCTION Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Index used for the direct measurement of natural color

A

Icterus Index (1919)

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2
Q

Prepare using Muelengracht Method

A

Dilute serum with NSS and compare with 0.01% K2Cr2O7

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3
Q

What is used in the Newberger Method?

A

Sodium Citrate

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4
Q

Interferences in Icterus Index

A

carotene
xantophyll ii
hemoglobin

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5
Q

Classic Diazo Reaction detects bilirubin in ______

A

urine

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6
Q

Components of DSA

A

Sodium Nitrite
Sulfanilic Acid

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7
Q

Meaning of DSA

A

Diazotized Sulfanilic Acid

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8
Q

Specimen used by Ehrlich in 1883

A

Urine

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9
Q

Product observed by Ehrlich in 1883

A

Colored complex

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10
Q

Bilirubin + DSA + Accelerator

A

Total Azobilirubin

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11
Q

Accelerator in Evelyn-Malloy

A

50% Methanol

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12
Q

Buffer in Evelyn-Malloy

A

Sodium acetate

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13
Q

Stop reagent in Evelyn-Malloy

A

Ascorbic acid

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14
Q

T or F: Accelerator solubilizes indirect bilirubin

A

T

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15
Q

Realized that serum can be used in bilirubin testing

A

Van Den Bergh

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16
Q

Accelerator in Jendrassik & Grof

A

Caffeine Sodium Benzoate

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17
Q

T or F: Unconjugated bilirubin is directly measured in the laboratory

A

F

computed or calculated

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18
Q

End color of ME and JG, respectively

A

Pink, Blue

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19
Q

Advantages of JG over ME

A

-Insensitive to sample pH changes
-Insensitive to a 50-fold variation in protein conc
-Adequate optical sensitivity even for low bili conc
-Minimal turbidity
-Not affected by hemoglobin up to 750mg/dL

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20
Q

Specimen for bili measurement

A

fasting, non-hemolyzed, non-lipemic

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21
Q

Sources of errors in bili measurement

A

lipochrome
hemolysis
lipemia
exposure to light

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22
Q

B1 (0.2-0.8 mg/dL) is increased in

A

Obstructive Jaundice

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23
Q

B2 (0-0.2 mg/dL) is increased in

A

Obstructive jaundice

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24
Q

B1 and B2 (0.2-1.0) are increased

A

Hepatocellular Jaundice

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25
Reagents in Ehrlich's method
Ehrlich's reagent Ascorbic Acid (buffer) Sodium acetate (stop reagent)
26
Molecular composition for Ehrlich's reagent
para-dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde
27
Color of the product of Ehrlich's method
Red
28
Specimen for Ehrlich's Method
2 hr fresh urine
29
Urine urobilinogen reference range
0.1-0.1 Ehrlich units/2hrs 0.5-4.0 Ehrlich units/day (0.868 mmol/day)
30
1 Ehrlich unit =
1 mg of Urobilinogen
31
Color and type of jaundice in increased UBG
Pink ; Hemolytic
32
Color and type of jaundice in decreased UBG
No pink/red color ; Obstructive or Hepatocellular
33
Measures fecal urobilinogen
Watsons’ Reaction/ Ehrlich’s Aldehyde
34
In Watsons’ Reaction/ Ehrlich’s Aldehyde, what reduces urobilin to urobilinogen?
Ferrous Hydroxide Fe(OH)2
35
Reference values of fecal urobilinogen
75-275 Ehrlich’s unit/100 g or 75-400 Ehrlich units/24 hours
36
Increased Urobilinogen
Hemolytic disease Defective liver cell fxn (hepatitis)
37
Absence of Urobilinogen
Biliary obstruction Hepatocellular disease
38
Tets for bile salt
Hay test
39
What is used in Hay test?
Sulfur powder to 5ml of urine
40
T or F: If sulfur powder floats at the top in Hay test, it means that bile salts are present
F lutang kaya absent
41
Test for synthetic fxn
TP Alb A-globulin PT Other clotting factor tests Vit K response Special protein det
42
Test for excretory fxn
Bromsulphalein test Rose Bengal test
43
the excretion of foreign dyes in bromsulphalein test measure the
% retention in serum sample
44
2 method in Bromsulphalein test
Rosenthal color (5 then 30) Mc Donald (40)
45
Rose Bengal Test uses
tagged I131 (Iodine)
46
Measures the radioactivity of the dye
Rose Bengal Test
47
Tests for urine bilirubin
Foam test Urine color inspection Fouchet's test / Harrison spot test Diazotization test
48
Positive result of foam test
yellow foam
49
Orange-colored urine is observed in Vitamin ___ intake
C
50
Precipitates bilirubin in ruine in Fouchet's test
BaCl2 (barium chloride)
51
Other name for Fouchet's Test
Harrison Spot Test
52
Fouchet’s Reagent
Ferric Chloride (FeCl3)
53
Ppt + FeCl3 in TCA =
Green ppt (+)
54
2 types of Diazotization test
Tablet test/Ictotest Strip test
55
Detoxification fxn test
Quick’s Test or Hippuric Acid Test
56
In Quick’s Test or Hippuric Acid Test, px is given a _______ _______ meal
sodium benzoate
57
In normal people, _____ of the Benzoate is excreted as Hippuric Acid within __________
40% 60 minutes
58
Enzymes that are elevated in Biliary obstruction
ALP and GGT
59
Enzyme associated with canaliculi and sinusoids of the liver
5'-nucleotidase
60
An enzyme found in various tissues throughout the body, with particularly high concentrations in the liver, bones and bile duct. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate groups from various substrates under alkaline conditions
Alkaline Phosphatase
61
An enzyme found in various tissues, with high concentrations in the liver and bile ducts. GGT catalyzes the transfer of gamma-glutamyl groups from molecules such as glutathione to amino acids and peptides.
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase
62
T or F: TP A/G assesses carbohydrate metabolism
F Protein metabolism
63
T or F: Only bilirubin is elevated in biliary obstruction
T kasi post-liver na
64
This enzyme is very high in fulminant failure
AST
65
T or F: AST is normally less than ALT
T
66
Ref value of ammonia
11-35 umol/L
67
Ref value of AST
5-35 U/L
68
Ref value of ALT
7-45 U/L

MT 6324 (7 decks)

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