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MT 6324 > [LEC] UNIT 3.1 Endocrinology > Flashcards

[LEC] UNIT 3.1 Endocrinology Flashcards

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1
Q

Composed of ductless glands that produce hormones which are directly secreted into the bloodstream for use throughout the body

A

Endocrine System

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2
Q

Endocrine system is a finely tuned system in which the _______, ________, and the ________ communicate through an intricate scheme of hormone-mediated feedback inhibition and stimulation stimuli

A

hypothalamus
pituitary gland
endocrine/peripheral glands

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3
Q

Functions of the endocrine system

A

GRaHaM

Metabolism
Homeostasis
Growth and Development
Response to Stress

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4
Q

Other name for APG

A

Adenohypophysis

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5
Q

Other name for PPG

A

Neurohypophysis

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6
Q

Hormones produced by PPG

A

NONE

It is just a storage

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7
Q

T or F: APG is the only true gland

A

T

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8
Q

This is the master gland because it
secretes these hormones that would target
the organs that are in need of attendance

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

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9
Q

Functions as a storage and releases what the
hypothalamus produces

A

Posterior Pituitary Gland

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10
Q

T or F: ADH and Oxytocin are released only when needed by the body

A

T

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11
Q

Target organs of FSH/LH

A

Gonads

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12
Q

Nervous System + Endocrine System

A

Neuroendocrine System

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13
Q

Neuroendocrine System focuses on ________ ______ to the
secretion of pituitary hormones

A

Hypothalamic control

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14
Q

Endocrine - chemical messengers
Nervous -

A

Electrical/Nerve Impulses

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15
Q

T or F: The endocrine system produces widespread effects since hormones are released into the bloodstream and travel to target organs (e.g., gonads or kidneys), resulting in a slower but longer-lasting response.

A

T

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16
Q

Neurosecretory Cells

A

Hypophyseal Cells
Hypophysiotropic Cells

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17
Q

Neurons release their neurotransmitters and
neuromodulators at _______

A

synapse

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18
Q

These are chemical substances that send a message to another cell in the body

A

Hormones

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19
Q

Lipids derived from cholesterol ; bound to proteins

A

Steroids

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20
Q

Steroid Hormones

A

SCAATE PAD

Steroid Hormones
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Androgens
Testosterone
Estrogen
Progesterone
Activated Vitamin D

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21
Q

Amino Acid Derivatives

A

Biogenic Amines

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22
Q

Precursor of Catecholamines

A

Tyrosine (ty)

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23
Q

T or F: Hydroxylation of Phenylalanine (Phe) alone will
not produce catecholamines

A

T

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24
Q

Adrenal Medulla is part of the _________ Axis

A

Symphatoadrenal

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25
The initial and rate-limiting step in catecholamine synthesis is the conversion of? by the enzyme?
Tyrosine to 3,4-dihyrdrophenylalanine; tyrosine hydroxylase
26
Amine Hormones
AmEND T3 T4 Amines Epinephrine Norepinephrine Dopamine T3 T4
27
Peptides and proteins are synthesized through
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
28
All peptide hormones are (2)
Hydrophilic Unable to cross the plasma membrane alone
29
T or F: Peptide hormones can diffuse through the plasma membranes
F
30
T or F: Proteins are bigger than peptides
T Proteins (bigger) = More than 50 amino acids Peptides = Around 20-50 amino acids
31
Peptides and Proteins
CGGI OPA Calcitonin Growth Hormone Glucagon Insulin Oxytocin Parathyroid Hormone Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
32
Glycoproteins are Amino Acid Derivatives with _______
CHO Groups
33
Glycoproteins
LeaH TraSHes HEr FiSH LH TSH HCG Erythropoietin FSH
34
Eicosanoids are ______ acids
fatty
35
T or F: Eicosanoids are involved in cellular activity
T
36
Eicosanoids come from
platelets and inflammatory cells
37
Eicosanoids
LET the Pros Leukotriene B4 Eicosanoids Thromboxane A2 Prostaglandin
38
Acts directly on themselves
Autocrine
39
Act adjacent to the cells of origin
Paracrine
40
Secreted in one location and released into the blood circulation
Endocrine
41
Fourth Hormone Action
Juxtacrine
42
Promotes secretion of the anterior pituitary hormones
Releasing Hormones
43
Hypophyseal Hormones
Releasing Hormones
44
Releasing Hormones are secreted in
Hypothalamus
45
promotes the secretion of GH
Growth Hormone Secreting Hormone (GHRH)
46
Suppress the secretion of a particular hormone
Inhibitory Hormones
47
Inhibitory hormones are secreted in
Hypothalamus GI Tract
48
Inhibits insulin
Somatostatin
49
Inhibits prolactin
Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone / Dopamine
50
Stimulate growth and activity of other endocrine glands
Tropic Hormones
51
Examples of Tropic Hormones
TSH and LH
52
Effector hormones are secreted by
Endocrine glands (nonendocrine cells as targets)
53
Example of an effector hormone
Prolactin (lactogenic hormone)
54
A small region in the brain that plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating various bodily functions through its control over the endocrine system (specifically the anterior pituitary gland) and autonomic nervous system.
Hypothalamus
55
Functions of the Hypothalamus
HOPeN Homeostasis Osmotic Regulation Pituitary Regulation Neuro and Endo
56
GHRH releases
GH
57
GnRH
LH and FSH
58
CRH releases
ACTH
59
TRH releases
TSH and Prolactin
60
Somatostatin inhibits
TSH, GH, and Insulin
61
Dopamine inhibits
Prolactin
62
Processes in the body that regulate hormone secretion
Feedback Mechanisms
63
Controlled Defiance
Negative Feedback Loop
64
Meaning of HPTA
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis
65
HPTA is a feedback loop that regulates ________ hormone production
thyroid
66
Controlled Amplification
Positive Feedback Loop
67
The natural process by which a pregnant mammal gives birth, involving the contractions of the uterus to expel the fetus and placenta
Parturition
68
Parturition marks the _________ of pregnancy
culmination
69
T or F: During parturition, the PPG releases oxytocin to stimulate uterine contraction
F hypothalamus
70
T or F: Oxytocin helps initiate lactation and prepare uterine lining for recovery after birth
T
71
A process in the body that regulates hormone secretion; It provides monitoring and control of the cellular environment
Feedback mechanism / loop
72
An increase in the product results to elevation of activity and synthesis rate
Positive Feedback Mechanism
73
Most common feedback loop wherein a stimulus will feedback upstream to decrease the production
Negative Feedback Mechanism
74
Types of Negative Feedback Mechanism
Long Short Ultrashort
75
Feedback from hormones produced in the pituitary target glands (like thyroid) on the hypothalamus
Long FM
76
Feedback of hormones at the level of the pituitary gland
Short FM
77
Feedback between the pituitary and hypothalamus
Ultrashort FM

MT 6324 (7 decks)

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