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Structures: Part Deux > LEC57: Salivary glands & Exocrine pancreas > Flashcards

LEC57: Salivary glands & Exocrine pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of glands are salivary

A

exocrine

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2
Q

what kind of glands are pancreas glands

A

exocrine & endocrine

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3
Q

what are salivary & pancreas glands assoc w/?

A

both functionally & structurally, assoc w/ digestive system

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4
Q

how do exocrine glands release secretory product

A

via a duct onto external surface / into lumen of an organ

ie intestine

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5
Q

how do endocrine glands release their hormone

A

into blood circulation or tissue space

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6
Q

both exocrine and endocrine glands begin how

A

epithelial cell downgrowth into CT

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7
Q

major salivary glands

A

parotid

submanidbular

sublingual

produce ~90% totaly volume of saliva

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8
Q

minor salivary glands

A

lips

tongue

palates

~10% total volume of saliva

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9
Q

identify the major salivary glands

A
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10
Q

what does saliva contain?

how much/day?

A

water, ions, mucins, antimicrobial substances, IgA, enzymes, proteins

~liter/day

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11
Q

saliva functions?

A

1) wet and lubricate oral mucosa
2) protect the oral mucosa and teeth
3) antimicrobial activity
4) initiate digestion of carbohydrates
5) hydrolysis of dietary lipids in newborns (lingual lipase)

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12
Q

what are parenchya

A

parenchyma: secretory units and ducts

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13
Q

what are stroma

A

connective tissue supporting the parenchyma and containg cells, blood vessels, nerves

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14
Q

what kind of glands are salivary glands?

A

compound tubuloacinar / compound acinar glands

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15
Q

organization of saliva glands

A

capsule

CT septa

lobes

lobules

secretory units

ducts

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16
Q

tubular gland structure?

A

gland has 1 duct opening into 1 very elongated secretory unit that is tubular shape

can be single simple or branched ducts w/ compound gland

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17
Q

acinar/alveolar gland structure

A

spherical gland

simple: 1 duct-1 gland
compound: multiple ducts/multiple glands

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18
Q

tubuloacinar gland structure

A

combo of tubular and acinar gland

salivary gland can be tubular, acinar, or tubuloacinar

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19
Q

acini

A

secretory units (end pieces) of exocrine glands, whether rounded or tubular on sections

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20
Q

how are acini classified

A

according to the nature of secretions they produce

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21
Q

types of acini?

A

serous, mucous

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22
Q

what are these

A

serous- watery secretion rich in enzymes & mucous- viscous secretion rich in glycoproteins - secretions from acini

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23
Q

types of acini of salivary glands?

A

1) serous acini
2) mucous acini
3) mixed acini, composed of mucous cells & serous cells, the latter making serous demilunes

24
Q

what is this, what is arrow pointing to

A

mixed acini (in submandibular gland)

arrow > serous demilnue, consists of serous cells forming a semilunar cap at terminal portion of mucous acinus

25
Q

what is this

A

myoepithelial cells located btwn basal plasma membranes of acinar cells & basement membranes

26
Q

make up of myoepithelial cells?

A

actin, cytokeratin

have contractility

27
Q

what is this

A

salivary gland

showing arrangement of acini and intralobular ducts

28
Q

cell type of duct cells?

A

simple columnar epithelium w/ basal striations

29
Q

what marks mitochondrial enzymes?

A

succinic dehydrogenase

30
Q
A

striated duct

marked by SDH in mitochondria

31
Q

cell type lining intercalated / striated intralobular duct cells?

A

intercalated: simple cuboidal epithelium
striated: simple columnar epithelium

32
Q

cell types of interlobular, lobar, and main excretory ducts?

A

interlobular: psuedostratified columnar
lobar: stratified columnar
main: stratified squamous

33
Q
A

interlobar ducts between lobes

34
Q

what type of gland is parotid?

A

pure serous gland

ONLY serous acini; intercalated ducts; conspicuous striated ducts

35
Q

what is this

A

parotid gland

pure serous gland

36
Q

what is this

A

submandibular gland

mixed gland; serous acini > mucous acini

mixed acini w/ serous demilunes

intercalated ducts

conspicuous straited ducts

37
Q

what is this

A

sublingual gland

mixed gland

mucous acini > serous acini

mixed acini w/ serous demilunes

intralobular ducts are poorly developed

38
Q

rank salivary glands re: intercalated duct size

A

1) parotid
2) submandibular
3) sublingual - rare or absent intercalated ducts

39
Q

rank salivary glands re: straited duct size

A

well-developed: parotid, submandibular

poorly developed: sublingual

40
Q

how much of saliva does each salivary gland contribute? what is nature of secretion?

A

parotid: 30%, watery, rich in enzymes
sublingual: 5%, thick, mucous
submandibular: 60%, mixture of enzyme & mucous secretion of intermediate consistency

41
Q

describe functional unit of salivary gland

A
42
Q

describe saliva

A

hypotonic, alkaline solution in oral cavity

43
Q

other functions of saliva?

A

lubrication

protection

antimicrobial activity

44
Q

function of secretory IgA?

A

component of saliva with antibacterial and antiviral actions

45
Q

other functions of saliva

A

1) lubrication, protection, antimicrobial activity
2) antibacterial, antiviral via Secretory IgA
3) digestion of carbs via starch
4) growth factors- epidermal growth factor, nerve growth factor
5) biological active proteins (cystatins, histatins, proline-rich proteins)
6) calcium for phosphate for remineralization of teeth

46
Q

pellicles?

A

proline-rich protective coat saliva forms on teeth

prevents adherence of bacteria, yeast

47
Q

what do parasympathetic/sympathetic control of saliva contribute to?

A

parasympathetic: watery, electroyte rich saliva; high volume
sympathetic: viscous, mucin and protein rich saliva; low volume

48
Q

how do exocrine secretions leave pancreas?

A

main pancreatic duct joins bile duct to open into duodenum

duct carrie secretion of exocrine pancreas into duodenum

49
Q

what kind of gland is pancreas?

A

compound acinar gland - has CT septa, lobes, lobules

50
Q
A

serous pancreatic acini

contain centroacinar cells in lumen

51
Q
A

centroacinar cells from beginning portion of intercalated duct of exocrine pancreas

52
Q

what and where is this? type of release involved?

A

zymogen granules of pancreatic acinar cells

digestive enzymes within are released by merocrine mechanism

53
Q

what/when does pancreas secrete?

A

pancreas secretes a fluid containing digestive enzymes & bicarbonate ions & water in response to acid chyme in duodenum & jejunum

54
Q

what do pancreatic acinar cells secrete?

A

an enzyme-rich fluid

stimulated by cholescystokinin (CCK)

contains many digestive enzymes

55
Q

what do pancreatic duct cells secrete? stimulated by what?

A

a fluid rich in bicarbonate ions & water

secretion is stimulated by secretin

autonomic nerves are secondarily important to secretion

56
Q

what is same/different about exocrine pancreas and parotid gland?

A

both= compound acinar gland, contains only serous secretory acini

HOWEVER, pancreas distinguishable histologically from parotid by:

1) presence of centroacinar cells
2) absence of straited ducts
3) absence of myoepithelial cells

Structures: Part Deux (36 decks)

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