lect 1

Question 1

gerontology

Answer 1

the scientific study of the process of aging and the problems of aged patients

Question 2

geriatrics

Answer 2

branch of medicine that deals with the disease and treatment of older patients

Question 3

what does older age entail biologically?

Answer 3

slower metabolism and lower vitals

Question 4

projected population of 65+ in 2030

Answer 4

72 million

Question 5

by 2035 there will be more older adults than children

Answer 5

true

Question 6

which age group is the fastest growing?

Answer 6

85+

Question 7

what is the most confusing to geriatric patients when they are hospitalized?

Answer 7

insurance

Question 8

statistics of older adults who suffer from at least one chronic medical condition

Answer 8

3/4 of the population

Question 9

what is biological aging?

Answer 9

refers to aging phenotype and external expression of one’s individual genetic makeup

Question 10

what is chronological aging?

Answer 10

a combination of either social or biological aging

Question 11

nonagenarian

Answer 11

adults aged 90 - 99

Question 12

centenarian

Answer 12

adults aged 100+

Question 13

primary interventions for older adults

Answer 13

• immunization
• high dose flu vaccine (60 mcg hemagglutinin)
• healthy behaviors
• stress management
• active social engagement
• cognitive stimulation

number 2 high priority

Question 14

secondary interventions for older adults

Answer 14

• annual wellness visits
• screening guidelines
• prevention plan

Question 15

what are the biological theories of aging?

Answer 15

• programmed aging
• error theories (wear & tear theory and cross-linkage theory)

Question 16

examples of strategies for annual wellness visits

Answer 16

• mammograms
• prostate checks
• glucose checks
• eye exams
• skin screening
• colonoscopy

Question 17

wear & tear theory

Answer 17

cells eventually “wear out” or become damaged

Question 18

cross-linkage theory

Answer 18

damage from errors with cross-linked proteins

cross-linkages inhibit proteases and cannot destroy damaged proteins

Question 19

what are the psychological theories of aging?

Answer 19

• activity theory
• continuity theory
• Erikson’s theory
• Peck’s theory

Question 20

activity theory

Answer 20

continued activity, productivity, and the ability to “stay young” indicates successful aging

Question 21

continuity theory

Answer 21

aging reflects a continuation and maintenance of the patterns of roles, responsibilities, and activities

Question 22

what are the developmental theories of aging?

Answer 22

Maslow and Tornstam

Question 23

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (regarding the nursing profession)

Answer 23

widely accepted by nursing and includes biopsychosocial needs

Question 24

Tornstam’s Gerotranscendence Theory

Answer 24

older adults must withdraw from society to allow opportunity for self-reflection and contemplation of the meaning of life

attain wisdom

Question 25

culture

Answer 25

referred to as the shared and learned values, beliefs, expectations, behaviors, and religion of a group of people

Question 26

health disparity

Answer 26

differences in the state of health & health outcomes b/w groups of people

Question 27

what does the prevention of an increase in ROS and free radicals entail?

Answer 27

slow aging process and prolonged life

Question 28

what are foods that help slow aging?

Answer 28

- fruits and vegetables *(antioxidants)* - red wine - olive oil

Question 29

what do high doses of Vit E cause?

Answer 29

increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke and prostate cancer

Question 30

when do mammograms start?

Answer 30

at 40 years old

Question 31

what are factors that act as barriers to quality care?

Answer 31

- race - age - gender - ethnicity - sexual orientation - location

Question 32

cultural awareness

Answer 32

recognize factors beyond culture

Question 33

cultural knowledge

Answer 33

essential understanding of way of life

Question 34

what factors reduce *health disparities*?

Answer 34

- cultural awareness - cultural knowledge

Question 35

acculturation

Answer 35

minorities adopt culture of the majority

Question 36

ethnicity

Answer 36

social difference based on culture

Question 37

what are the 3 types of cultural beliefs?

Answer 37

- biomedical - magico-religious - naturalistic/ holistic

Question 38

what does *magico-religious* believe about God?

Answer 38

God causes diseases but rewards with good health

Question 39

what is the perception of health in *holisticism*?

Answer 39

it is a sign of balance

Question 40

what are the obstacles that older adults face in seeking healthcare?

Answer 40

- ethnocentrism - streotyping - (-isms)

Question 41

what are the components of designing interventions to promte health aging?

Answer 41

- mutually acceptable - respect - work *with* the client

Question 42

what is essential to conducting a *Culturally and Ethnically Sensitive Assessment*?

Answer 42

- listening - health beliefs - cultural beliefs

Question 43

LEARN Model | implement to provide care for various older adults

Answer 43

**L**isten *(verbal & nonverbal)* **E**xplain *(POV of situation) **A**cknowledge *(differences b/w perceptions & goals)* **R**ecommend *(consider both perspectives)* **N**egotiate *(mutually acceptable plan)*

Question 44

what are the concepts of Erikson's theory?

Answer 44

- generativity - stagnation - ego integrity - despair

Question 45

what are the concepts of Peck's theory?

Answer 45

- ego differentiation - work role preoccupation - body / ego transcendence - body / ego preoccupation

Question 46

# Erikson generativity

Answer 46

establishing oneself as one who contributes to society in meaningful ways

Question 47

# Erikson stagnation

Answer 47

identifying onself as restricted to that of their major role

Question 48

# Erikson ego integrity

Answer 48

attaining a sense of completeness & cohesion of the self

Question 49

# Erikson despair

Answer 49

a sense that one's self no longer has purpose in life

Question 50

# Peck ego differentiation

Answer 50

begins to define self as separate from work role

Question 51

# Peck work role preoccupation

Answer 51

difficulty identifying oneself outside of a work role

Question 52

# Peck body / ego transcendence

Answer 52

- physical changes are accepted as part of life - sees themselves as part of the greater whole

Question 53

body / ego preoccupation

Answer 53

- physical changes become their sole focus - they think the world revolves around them

Question 54

what factors should the nurse be mindful of regarding cross-cultural encounters?

Answer 54

- level of formality - identified cultural, ethnic, & racial identity - preferred language - level of health & health literacy - past experience with Western healthcare - level of acculturation - *who, how, when, & what* of decision making