lect 3- Connective Tissue

Question 1

what are the types of embryonic CT

Answer 1

mesoderm, mesenchyme, mucous CT (wharton’s CT)

Question 2

describe the potency of embryonic CT : mesenchyme

Answer 2

totipotent

Question 3

what cells are located in embryonic Mucous CT

Answer 3

fibroblasts and a few mesenchymal cells

Question 4

what is the major content of embryonic CT

Answer 4

mucopolysaccharides

Question 5

where is loose (areolar) CT primarily found

Answer 5

epithelium (site of inflammatory and immune reactions)

Question 6

define lamina propria (CT)

Answer 6

LCT of mucous membranes

Question 7

where is dense regular CT found

Answer 7

tendons, aponeuroses, and ligaments

Question 8

what is the name for a fibroblasts that is in a tendon

Answer 8

tendinocyte

Question 9

what are the resident cells of the CT

Answer 9

fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, mast cells

Question 10

what are the transient cells of the CT

Answer 10

lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, plasma cells

Question 11

what is the origin for eosinophils, mast cells and basophils

Answer 11

CD34+

Question 12

what immunoglobulin is the surface of mast cells covered in

Answer 12

IgE

Question 13

what do mast cells release

Answer 13

histamine, heparin, serine, proteases, leukotrienes

Question 14

what classes of molecules is the ECM composed of

Answer 14

proteoglycans, GAGs, multiadhesive glycoproteins (laminin, fibronectin)

Question 15

what are the 3 types of fibers of ECM

Answer 15

collagen fibers, reticular fibers, elastic fibers

Question 16

what is the must abundant fiber in our body

Answer 16

collagen fibers

Question 17

describe type 1 collagen

Answer 17

skin, bone, tendons and ligaments (resistance to force, tension and stretch)

Question 18

describe type 2 collagen

Answer 18

cartilage (hyaline and elastic) (resistance to intermittent pressure)

Question 19

describe type 3 collagen

Answer 19

loose CT, forms reticular fibers (supportive scaffolding)

Question 20

describe type 4 collagen

Answer 20

basal laminae of epithelia (support and filtration)

Question 21

what is it called when one type of cell because a mature type of another cell

Answer 21

metaplasia

Question 22

what is it called when a mature cell of one type becomes an immature cell of another type

Answer 22

dyeplasia

Question 23

what is osteogenesis imperfecta type one a defect in

Answer 23

defect in type 1 collagen with normal quality but abnormal quality

Question 24

what are the symptoms of type 1 osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 24

abnormal teeth, blue sclera, brittle bones, progressive hearing loss, repeated fractures, thin skin, weak tendons

Question 25

what is osteogenesis imperfect type 2 a defect in

Answer 25

defect in type 1 collagen with abnormal quality and quantity

Question 26

what are the symptoms of osteogenesis imperfect type 2

Answer 26

severe bone deformities, respiratory complications, intracerebral hemorrhage, 1 year max life span

Question 27

describe kniest dysplasia

Answer 27

defect in type 2 collagen (short stature, ocular changes, wide metaphyses)

Question 28

describe stickler's syndrome

Answer 28

defect in type XI collagen with additional mutation in type 2collagen Gene (craniofacial deformities, retinal detachment, hearing loss)

Question 29

describe ehlers-danlos syndrome

Answer 29

defect in type 3 collagen (hyper flexibility of joints, hyper extensibility of skin, vascular and organ rupture)

Question 30

describe alports syndrome

Answer 30

type 4 collagen pathology (hematuria, progressive hearing loss, ocular lesions)

Question 31

describe thin basement membrane disease

Answer 31

basement membrane less than 260nm in thickness, looks like alports syndrome, quality is normal but quantity is not

Question 32

describe good pasture syndrome

Answer 32

there are auto-antibodies against type 4 collagen, similar to problems with alports, there with be inflammation

Question 33

what type of collagen are reticular fibers composed of

Answer 33

type 3 collagen

Question 34

what stainings are used for reticular fibers

Answer 34

eosin, PAS, silver salts

Question 35

what is involved in the formation of reticular fibers

Answer 35

fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and Schwann cells

Question 36

what staining is used for elastic fibers

Answer 36

eosin, orcein, resorcin-fuchsin

Question 37

what are elastic fibers produced by

Answer 37

fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells

Question 38

what are the 2 components of elastic fibers

Answer 38

elastin (central core) and fibrillin microfibrils

Question 39

what does fibrillin-1 do

Answer 39

FBN1 gene that organizes elastin into fibers and plays role in Marfan's syndrome

Question 40

describe Marfan's syndrome

Answer 40

mutation of fibrillin gene with a high risk for aortic rupture (tall and thin, long arms/legs, arachnodactyly, chest deformity)

Question 41

what endocrine's function decreases with obesity

Answer 41

adiponectin