Lect 4 (Semmelweis) Development of face, palate and facial malformations

Question 1

Development of the face

End of ___ (week?)
-> facial prominences made of neural crest derived mesenchyme and formed mainly by 1st pair of pharyngeal arches!

Answer 1

4th week

Question 2

Development of the face

The face is initially formed by ___

Answer 2

5 mesenchymal swellings (processes or prominences)

Question 3

Development of the face

End of 4th week
-> facial prominences made of ____ and formed mainly by 1st pair of pharyngeal arches!

Answer 3

neural crest derived mesenchyme

Question 4

Development of the face

End of 4th week
-> ____ made of neural crest derived mesenchyme and formed mainly by 1st pair of pharyngeal arches!

Answer 4

facial prominences

Question 5

Development of the face

End of 4th week
-> facial prominences made of neural crest derived mesenchyme and formed mainly by ____

Answer 5

1st pair of pharyngeal arches!

Question 6

Development of the face

2 mandibular prominences (right and left, from 1st arch neural crest mesenchyme), located bellow ____)

Answer 6

the stomodeum

Question 7

Development of the face

The face is initially formed by ___

Answer 7

5 mesenchymal swellings (processes or prominences)

Question 8

Development of the face

The face is initially formed by 5 mesenchymal swellings (processes or prominences)
-> What are they?

Answer 8

Frontonasal prominence (midline structure, formed by cranial neural crest mesenchyme, located ventral to the brain vesicles)

2 maxillary prominences (right and left, from 1st arch neural crest mesenchyme, located lateral to the stomodeum)

2 mandibular prominences (right and left, from 1st arch neural crest mesenchyme), located bellow the stomodeum)

Question 9

Development of the face

The face is initially formed by 5 mesenchymal swellings (processes or prominences)

-> Frontonasal prominence (midline structure, formed by ____, located ventral to the brain vesicles)

Answer 9

cranial neural crest mesenchyme

Question 10

Development of the face

The face is initially formed by 5 mesenchymal swellings (processes or prominences)
-> Frontonasal prominence (midline structure, formed by cranial neural crest mesenchyme, located ventral to ____)

Answer 10

the brain vesicles

Question 11

Development of the face

2 maxillary prominences (right and left, from ____, located lateral to the stomodeum)

Answer 11

1st arch neural crest mesenchyme

Question 12

Development of the face

2 maxillary prominences (right and left, from 1st arch neural crest mesenchyme, located lateral to ____)

Answer 12

the stomodeum

Question 13

Development of the face

2 mandibular prominences (right and left, from _____), located bellow the stomodeum)

Answer 13

1st arch neural crest mesenchyme

Question 14

Development of the face
-> Identify

Answer 14

Question 15

Development of the face
-> Identify

Answer 15

Question 16

Development of the face

5th week
-> on both sides of frontonasal prominences, ____ appears

Answer 16

nasal (olfactory) placodes, which is a thickenings of of surface ectoderm

Question 17

Development of the face

5th week —> on both sides of _____ a thickenings of of surface ectoderm appears which are called as nasal (olfactory) placodes

Answer 17

frontonasal prominences

Question 18

Development of the face

5th week

—> on both sides of frontonasal prominences a thickenings of of surface ectoderm appears which are called as nasal (olfactory) placodes

→ these placodes invaginate to become ____

Answer 18

Nasal pits

Question 19

Development of the face

5th week

—> on both sides of frontonasal prominences a thickenings of of surface ectoderm appears which are called as nasal (olfactory) placodes

→ these placodes invaginate to become Nasal pits

→ 2 nasal pits develop in the (1)_____ (position?) of the (2)_____

Answer 19

1. Ventrolateral aspects
2. frontonasal prominences

Question 20

Development of the face

5th week

—> on both sides of frontonasal prominences a thickenings of of surface ectoderm appears which are called as nasal (olfactory) placodes

→ these placodes invaginate to become Nasal pits

→ 2 nasal pits develop in the Ventrolateral aspects of the frontonasal prominences

→ these nasal pits are located between ____ and ____

Answer 20

2 lateral and 2 medial nasal prominences

Question 21

Development of face

→ identify

Answer 21

Question 22

Development of the face

→ identify

Answer 22

Question 23

Development of the face

Development of the face occurs via the growth & fusion of these prominences

The maxillary prominences grow toward the midline and fuse with _____

Answer 23

the lateral nasal prominences.

Question 24

Development of the face

Development of the face occurs via the growth & fusion of these prominences

______ grow toward the midline and fuse with the lateral nasal prominences.

Answer 24

The maxillary prominences

Question 25

**Development of the face** ## Footnote *_Development of the face occurs via the growth & fusion of these prominences_* The maxillary prominences grow toward (1)\_\_\_\_ and fuse with the lateral nasal prominences. → A deep groove called as: (2)\_\_\_\_\_ is formed between the maxillary & lateral nasal prominences on both side of the developing nose.

Answer 25

1. the midline 2. nasolacrimal groove

Question 26

**Development of the face** ## Footnote *_Development of the face occurs via the growth & fusion of these prominences_* The maxillary prominences grow toward the midline and fuse with the lateral nasal prominences. → A deep groove called as: nasolacrimal groove is formed between ____ and _____ on both side of the developing nose.

Answer 26

the maxillary & lateral nasal prominences

Question 27

**Development of the face** ## Footnote *_Development of the face occurs via the growth & fusion of these prominences_* The maxillary prominences grow toward the midline and fuse with the lateral nasal prominences. → A deep groove called as: nasolacrimal groove is formed between the maxillary & lateral nasal prominences on both side of \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 27

the developing nose.

Question 28

**Development of the face** ## Footnote *_Development of the face occurs via the growth & fusion of these prominences_* The maxillary prominences grow toward the midline and fuse with the lateral nasal prominences. → nasolacrimal groove is formed between the maxillary & lateral nasal prominences on both side of the developing nose. → Most of the groove is obliterated with fusion of the maxillary & lateral nasal prominences, but a small portion persists as ___ and \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 28

the nasolacrimal duct & lacrimal sac.

Question 29

**Development of the face** ## Footnote *_Development of the face occurs via the growth & fusion of these prominences_* → IDENTIFY

Answer 29

Question 30

**Development of the face** ## Footnote *_Development of the face occurs via the growth & fusion of these prominences_* Growth of the maxillary prominences causes fusion of these prominences with \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 30

the medial nasal prominences.

Question 31

**Development of the face** ## Footnote *_Development of the face occurs via the growth & fusion of these prominences_* Growth of the maxillary prominences causes fusion of these prominences with the medial nasal prominences. → How are the medial nasal prominences pushed together?

Answer 31

Continues growth of the maxillary prominences + regression of the frontonasal prominence

Question 32

**Development of the face** ## Footnote *_Development of the face occurs via the growth & fusion of these prominences_* The medial prominences fuse to form ____ and \_\_\_\_

Answer 32

the midline of the nose & philtrum of the upper lip.

Question 33

**Development of the face** ## Footnote *_Development of the face occurs via the growth & fusion of these prominences_* The superior portion of (1)\_\_\_\_\_\_ grows & extends to form the forehead.

Answer 33

the frontonasal prominence

Question 34

**Development of the face** ## Footnote *_Development of the face occurs via the growth & fusion of these prominences_* The superior portion of the frontonasal prominence grows & extends to form \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 34

the forehead.

Question 35

**Development of the face** ## Footnote *_Development of the face occurs via the growth & fusion of these prominences_* \_\_\_\_\_does not grow very much, thus allowing the medial nasal processes to fuse in the midline.

Answer 35

The inferior portion of the frontonasal prominence

Question 36

**Development of the face** ## Footnote *_Development of the face occurs via the growth & fusion of these prominences_* The inferior portion of the frontonasal prominence does not grow very much, thus allowing ____ to fuse in the midline.

Answer 36

the medial nasal processes

Question 37

**Development of the face** ## Footnote How is the mandible formed?

Answer 37

The mandibular prominences grow together to form a single mandible

Question 38

**Development of the face** Prominence: **frontonasal** → 6 structures formed?

Answer 38

1. Forehead 2. Bridge of nose 3. Medial and lateral prominences (paired prominences)

Question 39

**Development of the face** Prominence: **maxillary** → 2 structures formed?

Answer 39

1. Cheeks 2. Lateral portion of upper lip

Question 40

**Development of the face** Prominence: **Medial nasal** → 3 structures formed?

Answer 40

1. Philtrum of the nose 2. Crest 3. Tip of nose

Question 41

**Development of the face** Prominence: **Lateral nasal** → 1 structures formed?

Answer 41

Alae of nose

Question 42

**Development of the face** Prominence: **MANDIBULAR** → 6 structures formed?

Answer 42

Lower lip

Question 43

**Development of the face** Which prominence is the unpaired one?

Answer 43

Frontonasal

Question 44

**Development of palate (primary palate)** How is the intermaxillary segment formed?

Answer 44

Medial growth of the maxillary prominences + 2 medial nasal prominences

Question 45

**Development of palate (primary palate)** The intermaxillary segment is composed of ___ (3)

Answer 45

1) Labial component —\> forms the philtrum of the upper lip. 2) Upper jaw component —\> carries the four incisor teeth. 3) palatal component —\> forms the triangular primary palate.

Question 46

**Development of palate (primary palate)** The intermaxillary segment is composed of 1. Labial component —\> forms \_\_\_\_\_ 2. Upper jaw component —\> carries \_\_\_\_ 3. palatal component —\> forms \_\_\_\_

Answer 46

1. the philtrum of the upper lip. 2. the four incisor teeth. 3. the triangular primary palate.

Question 47

**Development of palate (primary palate)** Intermaxillary segment continuous with the (1)\_\_\_\_ portion of the nasal septum — formed by (2)\_\_\_\_

Answer 47

1. rostral 2. the frontal prominence.

Question 48

**Development of palate (primary palate)** Identify

Answer 48

Question 49

**Development of palate (primary palate)** How is the intermaxillary segment formed?

Answer 49

Question 50

**Development of palate (secondary palate)** What happen during 6th of development of palate?

Answer 50

6th week —\> main part of the palate is developing

Question 51

**Development of palate (secondary palate)** Primary palate — derived from \_\_\_\_

Answer 51

the Intermaxillary segment.

Question 52

**Development of palate (secondary palate)** Secondary palate — formed by \_\_\_\_

Answer 52

2 outgrowths from the maxillary prominences.

Question 53

**Development of palate (secondary palate)** Secondary palate — formed by 2 outgrowths from the maxillary prominences. → These outgrowths — the palatine shelves are directed obliquely downward \_\_\_

Answer 53

on each side of the tongue.

Question 54

**Development of palate (secondary palate)** → Identify

Answer 54

Question 55

**Development of palate (secondary palate)** → identify

Answer 55

Question 56

**Development of palate (secondary palate)** What happen during 7th week?

Answer 56

palatine shelves ascend horizontally above the tongue & fuse to form the secondary palate

Question 57

**Development of palate (secondary palate)** during 7th week → _____ ascend horizontally above the tongue & fuse to form the secondary palate

Answer 57

palatine shelves

Question 58

**Development of palate (secondary palate)** during 7th week → palatine shelves ascend horizontally above the tongue & fuse to form \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 58

the secondary palate

Question 59

**Development of palate (secondary palate)** during 7th week → Anteriorly, the palatine shelves fuse with \_\_\_\_

Answer 59

the triangular primary palate.

Question 60

**Development of palate (secondary palate)** during 7th week → ___ is the midline landmark between the primary & secondary palates.

Answer 60

The incisive foramen

Question 61

**Development of palate (secondary palate)** during 7th week → The incisive foramen is the midline landmark between ___ and \_\_\_\_

Answer 61

the primary & secondary palates.

Question 62

**Development of palate (secondary palate)** during 7th week → Beside to the palatine shelves fusion, ____ grows down & joins with the newly formed palate.

Answer 62

the nasal septum

Question 63

**Development of palate (secondary palate)** during 7th week → Beside to the palatine shelves fusion, the nasal septum grows down & joins with \_\_\_\_

Answer 63

the newly formed palate.

Question 64

**Development of palate (3)** ## Footnote Secondary palate is made of \_\_\_

Answer 64

2 Maxillary prominences (palatine shelves) + palatine bone

Question 65

**Development of palate (3)** ## Footnote With growth & expansion of \_\_\_\_, the tongue moves down

Answer 65

the mandible

Question 66

**Development of palate (3)** ## Footnote The palatine shelves grow toward ____ & fuse to form the secondary palate

Answer 66

the midline

Question 67

**Development of palate (3)** ## Footnote Disruption of growth of the tongue and/or mandible can secondarily cause \_\_\_\_

Answer 67

a cleft secondary palate.

Question 68

**Development of palate (W7)**

Answer 68

Question 69

**Development of palate (W7)** ## Footnote Secondary palate is made of \_\_\_

Answer 69

Question 70

**Development of palate (W10)** ## Footnote IDENTIFY

Answer 70

Question 71

**Development of palate (W10)** ## Footnote Identify

Answer 71

Question 72

**_Development of the Nose-Nasal cavities_** The nose is formed from 5 facial prominences → What are they?

Answer 72

1. **The frontonasal prominence** (1) gives rise to the bridge. 2. The merged **medial nasal prominences** (2) provide the crest & tip. 3. The **lateral nasal prominences** (2) form the sides (alae).

Question 73

**_Development of the Nose-Nasal cavities_** The nose is formed from 5 facial prominences 1. **The frontonasal prominence** (1) gives rise to \_\_\_ 2. The merged **medial nasal prominences** (2) provide \_\_\_ 3. The **lateral nasal prominences** (2) form \_\_\_\_

Answer 73

1. **the bridge.** 2. the crest & tip. 3. the sides (alae).

Question 74

**_Development of the Nose-Nasal cavities_** 6th week —\> nasal pits deepen because of 2 reasons which are \_\_\_

Answer 74

1) growth of nasal prominence 2) penetration into underlying mesenchyme

Question 75

**_Development of the Nasal cavities_** First — (!)\_\_\_\_\_ separates the nasal pits from primitive oral cavity. Then — (2)\_\_\_\_ are formed.

Answer 75

1. oronasal membrane 2. primitive choncha

Question 76

**_Development of the Nasal cavities_** First — oronasal membrane separates the nasal pits from primitive oral cavity. Then — primitive choncha are formed. (!)\_\_\_\_are formed: → After formation of secondary palate & further development of (2)\_\_\_\_

Answer 76

1. Definitive nasal chonchae 2. primitive nasal chambers

Question 77

**_Development of the Nasal cavities_** First — oronasal membrane separates the nasal pits from primitive oral cavity. Then — primitive choncha are formed. Definitive nasal chonchae are formed: → After formation of ____ & further development of primitive nasal chambers

Answer 77

secondary palate

Question 78

• Hare lip → Causes?

Answer 78

bilateral failure of maxillary & medial nasal prominences to fuse

Question 79

***Oblique facial cleft*** → Causes?

Answer 79

unilateral failure of maxillary, medial, & lateral nasal prominences to fuse

Question 80

Causes of Macrostoma

Answer 80

incomplete lateral merging of maxillary & mandibular processes

Question 81

Causes of Median cleft lip

Answer 81

incomplete fusion of medial nasal prominences

Question 82

Causes of Median cleft lip

Answer 82

incomplete fusion of medial nasal prominences