Lecturio 3 Development of spinal cord and brainstem

Question 1

Proliferation of neuroepithelial cells

The region closet to the neural canal is called ____

Answer 1

Ventricular zone

Question 2

Proliferation of neuroepithelial cells

What is the ventricular zone? What does it contain?

Answer 2

The region closest to the neural canal that contains neuroepithelial cells that are actively dividing

Question 3

Proliferation of neuroepithelial cells

Neuroepithelial cells migrate into ___ and ____

Answer 3

Intermediate zone and marginal zone

Question 4

Proliferation of neuroepithelial cells

superficial to the marginal zone is (1) ____

Answer 4

sclerotomal mesenchyme

Question 5

Proliferation of neuroepithelial cells

superficial to the marginal zone is sclerotomal mesenchyme that will become ___

Answer 5

meninges

Question 6

Proliferation of neuroepithelial cells

In the spinal cord, the neural canal will become ____

Answer 6

The central canal

Question 7

Proliferation of neuroepithelial cells

In the spinal cord, the neural canal will become The central canal

→ It is lined by _____

Answer 7

Ependymal cells derived from the neural tube

Question 8

Proliferation of neuroepithelial cells

→ IDENTIFY

Answer 8

Question 9

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

Neuroepithelial cells take on different roles depending upon their position relative to a dividing line which is called ___

Answer 9

sulcus limitans

Question 10

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

Cells posterior to the sulcus limitans are in ____

Answer 10

the alar plate

Question 11

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

Cells posterior to the sulcus limitans are in the alar plate and become ___

Answer 11

sensory cells and interneurons

Question 12

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

Cells anterior to the sulcus limitans are in ____

Answer 12

the basal plate

Question 13

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

Cells anterior to the sulcus limitans are in the basal plate and become ___

Answer 13

motor neurons

Question 14

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

The neural tube is closed by a (1)____ posteriorly and (2)____ anteriorly

Answer 14

1. Roof plate
2. Floor plate

Question 15

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

→ Identify (left side)

Answer 15

Question 16

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

→ Identify (right side)

Answer 16

Question 17

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

____ in the anterior horn extend axons to the myotome to innervate skeletal muscles

Answer 17

Motor neurons

Question 18

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

____ in the anterior horn extend axons to the myotome to innervate skeletal muscles

Answer 18

Motor neurons

Question 19

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

Motor neurons in ___ extend axons to the myotome to innervate skeletal muscles

Answer 19

the anterior horn

Question 20

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

___ from posterior root ganglia extend axons to the dermatome and into the posterior horn of spinal cord

Answer 20

Sensory axons

Question 21

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

Sensory axons from posterior root ganglia extend axons to ___ and into the posterior horn of spinal cord

Answer 21

the dermatome

Question 22

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

____ in the posterior horn extend axons superiorly to other regions of the central nervous system.

Answer 22

Sensory cells

Question 23

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

___ in the posterior horn extend to motor neurons in the anterior horn

Answer 23

Interneurons

Question 24

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

Interneurons in the posterior horn extend to ____ in the anterior horn

Answer 24

motor neurons

Question 25

**Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons** **→ identify**

Answer 25

Question 26

**Sensory and Motor Neurons in the Medulla** The brainstem resembles \_\_\_\_

Answer 26

The spinal cord

Question 27

**Sensory and Motor Neurons in the Medulla** Basal plate will form \_\_\_\_

Answer 27

motor nuclei

Question 28

**Sensory and Motor Neurons in the Medulla** Alar plate will form \_\_\_\_

Answer 28

sensory nuclei

Question 29

**Sensory and Motor Neurons in the Medulla** The basal plate and alar plate are separated by \_\_\_\_

Answer 29

the sulcus limitans

Question 30

**Sensory and Motor Neurons in the Medulla** The caudal medulla resembles ___ (structure?)

Answer 30

The spinal cord

Question 31

**Sensory and Motor Neurons in the Medulla** The caudal medulla resembles The spinal cord with (1)\_\_\_\_ developing on its dorsal side and (2)\_\_\_\_ on the ventral side

Answer 31

1. Sensory nuclei 2. Motor nuclei

Question 32

**Sensory and Motor Neurons in the Medulla** → Identify

Answer 32

Question 33

≈ The cranial medulla has an expanded roof plate covering \_\_\_\_

Answer 33

4th ventricle

Question 34

**Sensory and Motor Neurons in the Medulla** The cranial medulla has an ___ covering the 4th ventricle

Answer 34

expanded roof plate

Question 35

**Sensory and Motor Neurons in the Medulla** **→ identify**

Answer 35

Question 36

**Sensory and Motor Neurons in the Medulla** → Identify

Answer 36

Question 37

**Development of the pons** The pons is connected to ____ posteriorly

Answer 37

The cerebellum

Question 38

**Development of the pons** The pons is connected to The cerebellum posteriorly → ___ migrate from the alar plate to a position in the ventral pons

Answer 38

The pontine nuclei

Question 39

**Development of the pons** The pons is connected to The cerebellum posteriorly → The pontine nuclei migrate from ____ to a position in the ventral pons

Answer 39

the alar plate

Question 40

**Development of the pons** The pons is connected to The cerebellum posteriorly → The pontine nuclei migrate from the alar plate to a position in \_\_\_\_

Answer 40

the ventral pons

Question 41

**Development of the pons**

Answer 41

The cerebellum

Question 42

**Development of the cerebellum** The cerebellum develops as a massive expansion off the (1)\_\_\_\_, dorsal to (2) \_\_\_\_

Answer 42

1. The alar plate 2. The pons

Question 43

**Development of the Cerebellum** → Identify

Answer 43

Question 44

**Development of the Midbrain** The alar plate in the midbrain creates ____ in its original position

Answer 44

Sensory nuclei

Question 45

**Development of the Midbrain** The alar plate in the midbrain creates Sensory in its original position → But also give rise to the \_\_\_

Answer 45

colliculi (visual and sensory processing)

Question 46

**Development of the Midbrain** → Identify

Answer 46

Question 47

**Development of the Midbrain** Identify

Answer 47

Question 48

**Development of the Midbrain** The basal. plate also gives rise to ____ in its original position

Answer 48

Motor nuclei

Question 49

**Development of the Midbrain** The basal. plate also gives rise to Motor nuclei in its original position → gives rise to \_\_\_

Answer 49

Other motor nuclei in the ventral midbrain

Question 50

**Development of the Midbrain** identify

Answer 50

Question 51

**Development of the Thalamus** In the diencephalic region, the alar plate give rise to ___ 93)

Answer 51

1. the epithalamus 2. pineal gland 3. multitude of thalamic nuclei

Question 52

**Development of the Thalamus** In the diencephalic region, the alar plate give rise to 1. the epithalamus 2. pineal gland 3. multitude of thalamic nuclei → these nuclei re-route sensory input from ___ to \_\_\_\_

Answer 52

the head, neck and body to various regions of cerebral cortex

Question 53

**Development of the Thalamus** The basal plate gives rise to \_\_\_\_

Answer 53

Hypothalamic nuclei, which control the body's basic drive and autonomic activities

Question 54

**Development of cerebral cortex** How many embryonic origins does the pituitary gland have?

Answer 54

2

Question 55

**Development of cerebral cortex** → Identify

Answer 55

Question 56

**Development of cerebral cortex** (1)\_\_\_\_ extends inferiorly from the diencephalon and meets an extension of epithelium from the early oral cavity which is (2)-\_\_

Answer 56

1. The infundibulum 2. Rathke's pounch

Question 57

**Development of cerebral cortex** → Identify

Answer 57

Question 58

**Development of cerebral cortex** Rathke's pouch then detaches from (1)\_\_\_\_ and closely associates with (2)\_\_\_

Answer 58

1. The oral cavity 2. the infundibulum

Question 59

**Development of cerebral cortex** \_\_\_\_\_ comes from the Rathke's pouch

Answer 59

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Question 60

**Development of cerebral cortex** The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland comes from\_\_\_\_

Answer 60

the Rathke's pouch

Question 61

**Development of cerebral cortex** \_\_\_\_ arise from the diencephalon and hypothalamic region

Answer 61

The posterior lobe and infundibulum of the pituitary gland

Question 62

**Development of cerebral cortex** The posterior lobe and infundibulum of the pituitary gland arise from ____ and \_\_\_\_

Answer 62

the diencephalon and hypothalamic region

Question 63

**Development of cerebral cortex** Identify

Answer 63

Question 64

**Development of cranial nerves** Any sensory activity of a cranial nerve will be linked to ____ in the dorsal portion of the brainstem

Answer 64

A sensory nucleus

Question 65

**Development of cranial nerves** The cranial nerves that are from the brainstem and spinal cord are linked to the sensory and motor nucleiin its dorsal and ventral regions → Any motor activity of a cranial nerve will originate in \_\_\_\_

Answer 65

ganglia in the ventral portion of the brainstem

Question 66

**Development of cranial nerves** Sensory ganglia associated with ___ develop from neural crest cells

Answer 66

CN V, VII, IX & X

Question 67

**Development of cranial nerves** The cranial nerves that are from the brainstem and spinal cord are linked ____ and ___ in its dorsal and ventral regions

Answer 67

to the sensory and motor nuclei

Question 68

**Development of cranial nerves** → Identify

Answer 68

Question 69

**Development of cranial nerves** → Identify

Answer 69

Question 70

**Ascent of spinal cord** During early development, around ____ (week?), the spinal cord extends along the vertebral column

Answer 70

week 8

Question 71

**Ascent of spinal cord** The cord does elongate at different rate as the rest of the body → Its inferior end "ascends" → Reaching _____ vertebral level at birth and ____ level at adult

Answer 71

* L3 * L1

Question 72

**Ascent of spinal cord** The spinal nerve roots that exit below that level are stretched and created a structure called \_\_\_

Answer 72

The caudal equina

Question 73

**Ascent of spinal cord** The tapered end of the spinal cord which is called (1)\_\_\_\_ remains tethered to the coccygeal vertebrae by a connective tissue thread which is called (2)\_\_\_\_

Answer 73

1. Conus medullaris 2. Filum terminale

Question 74

**Ascent of spinal cord** **→** Identify

Answer 74

Question 75

**Ascent of spinal cord** **→** Identify

Answer 75

Question 76

**Ascent of spinal cord** **→** Identify

Answer 76

Question 77

**Ascent of spinal cord** **→** Identify

Answer 77