Development of urinary organs

Question 1

Derivatives of the Intermediate Mesoderm

As the body wall folds, intermediate mesoderm gives rise to ____ and ___ that is in contact with intraembryonic cavity

Answer 1

nephrogenic cord and urogenital ridge

Question 2

What are the 3 stages of kidney development?

Answer 2

Pronephros, Mesonephros, Metanephros

Question 3

Kidney Precursors

(1)_____ forms in cervical region during week 4 and degenerates during week 5

Thereafter, (2)____ and _____ form in thoracic/lumbar regions

Answer 3

1. Pronephros
2. mesonephros and mesonephric duct

Question 4

Kidney Precursors

______ from mesonephric duct invades nearby intermediate mesoderm

→ induces formation of metanephros, the kidney, its connection to mesonephric duct becomes ureter

Answer 4

Ureteric bud

Question 5

Kidney Precursors

Ureteric bud from mesonephric duct invades nearby intermediate mesoderm

→ induces formation of _____, the kidney, its connection to mesonephric duct becomes ureter

Answer 5

metanephros

Question 6

Kidney Precursors

Ureteric bud from mesonephric duct invades nearby _____

→ induces formation of metanephros, the kidney, its connection to mesonephric duct becomes ureter

Answer 6

intermediate mesoderm

Question 7

Kidney Precursors

Ureteric bud from mesonephric duct invades nearby intermediate mesoderm

→ induces formation of metanephros, the kidney, its connection to mesonephric duct becomes ____

Answer 7

ureter

Question 8

Kidney Precursors

Answer 8

Question 9

Ascent of the Kidneys

Metanephric kidneys form in pelvis but ascend

→ ____ and ____ move more inferiorly

Answer 9

indifferent gonad and mesonephric ducts

Question 10

Ascent of the Kidneys

Metanephric kidneys acquire succession of ____ as they ascend

→ _____ retains its original blood supply from aorta

Answer 10

1. renal arteries
2. gonad

Question 11

Ascent of the Kidneys

mature kidneys come to rest just inferior to suprarenal (adrenal) glands, which develop in _____

Answer 11

mature kidneys come to rest just inferior to suprarenal (adrenal) glands, which develop in _____

Question 12

Mesonephros and Mesonephric Duct

Mesonephros forms in ____

→ its tubules consolidate into mesonephric duct that drains to cloaca

Answer 12

intermediate mesoderm

Question 13

Mesonephros and Mesonephric Duct

Mesonephros forms in intermediate mesoderm

→ its tubules consolidate into_____ that drains to cloaca

Answer 13

mesonephric duct

Question 14

Mesonephros and Mesonephric Duct

Mesonephros forms in intermediate mesoderm

→ its tubules consolidate into mesonephric duct that drains to ____

Answer 14

cloaca

Question 15

Mesonephros and Mesonephric Duct

→ identify

Answer 15

Question 16

Mesonephros and Mesonephric Duct

Forms tubules that associate with nearby arteries and before regressing, it actually begins filtering urine through (1)____ into (2)____

Answer 16

1. glomeruli
2. renal (Bowman’s) capsule

Question 17

Mesonephros and Mesonephric Duct

→ identify

Answer 17

Question 18

Mesonephros and Mesonephric Duct

As metanephros begins forming and (1)_____ disappears

→ mesonephric ducts associate with (2)____, which is forming more superiorly in intermediate mesoderm

Answer 18

1. mesonephros
2. indifferent gonad

Question 19

Gross Development of the Ureteric Bud

The ureteric bud grows into the surrounding intermediate mesoderm and induces the formation of ____

Answer 19

the metanephros, the mature kidney

Question 20

Gross Development of the Ureteric Bud

___ grows into the surrounding intermediate mesoderm and induces the formation of the metanephros, the mature kidney

Answer 20

The ureteric bud

Question 21

Gross Development of the Ureteric Bud

The ureteric bud grows into the surrounding ____ and induces the formation of the metanephros, the mature kidney

Answer 21

intermediate mesoderm

Question 22

Microscopic Development of the Ureteric Bud and Metanephros

At the tip of the collecting tubes, a metanephric vesicle develops, which extends, hollows out, and associates with____ from ___

Answer 22

a glomerulus from the renal artery

Question 23

Microscopic Development of the Ureteric Bud and Metanephros

As fetus grows, tubules from metanephric vesicle will create the nephron of kidney.

Fetus will swallow amniotic fluid filtered by (1)____ and urinated back into amniotic fluid

→ (2)___ removes nearly all fetal waste, so amnion does not become contaminated

Answer 23

1. kidneys
2. placenta

Question 24

Microscopic Development of the Ureteric Bud and Metanephros

As fetus grows, tubules from metanephric vesicle will create (1)____

Fetus will swallow (2)_____ filtered by kidneys and urinated back into amniotic fluid; placenta removes nearly all fetal waste, so amnion does not become contaminated

Answer 24

1. the nephron of kidney.
2. amniotic fluid

Question 25

**Suprarenal Gland Development** Suprarenal glands originate from two distinct precursors Two waves of cortex migrate posteriorly into mesoderm forming ____ and \_\_\_\_\_ → cells differentiating into three layers of suprarenal cortex

Answer 25

fetal cortex and later adult cortex

Question 26

**Suprarenal Gland Development** Suprarenal glands originate from two distinct precursors → Migrating cells from neural crest invade developing cortex and will form ____ and \_\_\_\_

Answer 26

medulla of gland and its chromaffin cells

Question 27

**Suprarenal Gland Development** Suprarenal glands originate from two distinct precursors Two waves of cortex migrate posteriorly into mesoderm forming fetal cortex and later adult cortex → cells differentiating into t\_\_\_\_

Answer 27

three layers of suprarenal cortex

Question 28

**Suprarenal Gland Development** Suprarenal glands originate from two distinct precursors → Migrating cells from neural crest invade developing cortex and will form ____ and \_\_\_\_

Answer 28

medulla of gland and its chromaffin cells

Question 29

**Partitioning of the Cloaca** * Cloaca is split by urorectal septum to create ___ and \_\_\_\_ * Allantois remains attached to apex of ____ and extends into umbilical cord

Answer 29

* rectum and urogenital sinus * urogenital sinus

Question 30

**Partitioning of the Cloaca** * Cloaca is split by ____ to create rectum and urogenital sinus * ____ remains attached to apex of urogenital sinus and extends into umbilical cord

Answer 30

* urorectal septum * Allantois

Question 31

**Development of Urinary Bladder and Urethra** The urogenital sinus will give rise to ____ (3) → Typically the allantois will regress, leaving no trace behind other than a fibrous cord, the urachus

Answer 31

* the urinary bladder * urethra * all the glands that open directly into it.

Question 32

**Development of Urinary Bladder and Urethra** The urogenital sinus will give rise to the urinary bladder, urethra, and all the glands that open directly into it. → Typically the allantois will regress, leaving no trace behind other than \_\_\_\_

Answer 32

a fibrous cord which is called **the urachus**

Question 33

What is urachus?

Answer 33

A fibrous remnants of allantois

Question 34

**Development of Urinary Bladder and Urethra** In females, the urethra will open into a \_\_\_, just anterior to the vaginal opening

Answer 34

vestibule

Question 35

**Development of Urinary Bladder and Urethra** In males, the urethral folds of the penis will envelop it creating \_\_\_\_

Answer 35

the spongy (penile) urethra

Question 36

**Expansion of Urinary Bladder** As the urinary bladder expands with the growing body, it pulls ____ and ____ into its posterior wall.

Answer 36

the mesonephric duct and ureter

Question 37

**Expansion of Urinary Bladder** As the urinary bladder expands with the growing body, it pulls the mesonephric duct and ureter into its posterior wall. → The smooth nature of these ducts leaves the smooth trigone of the bladder connecting ___ and \_\_\_

Answer 37

the ureteric openings and urethra

Question 38

**Expansion of Urinary Bladder** In males, as the gonads descend and kidneys ascend,\_\_\_\_ drape themselves over the ureter

Answer 38

the ductus deferens