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SOC 1001 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Basic sociological questions (HWW)

A

what is human nature? why is society structured as it is? how and why do societies change?

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2
Q

C. Wright Mills

A

came up with sociological imagination; relationship between “public issues and personal troubles”; how personal issues are related to society as a whole; “neither the life nor the history of a society can be understood without understanding both”

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3
Q

drinking coffee (sociological imagination) (BIOSS)

A

symbolic value where the ritual is more important than the drink itself (lets meet for coffee); a socially acceptable stimulant drug; ;important valuable commodity in international trade; origins in colonial expansions; “branded and politicized” good lifestyle choice

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4
Q

antipositivism

A

the view that social researchers should strive for subjectivity as they worked to represent social processes, cultural norms, and societal values

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5
Q

conflict theory

A

a theory that looks at society as a competition for limited resources

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6
Q

constructivism

A

an extension of symbolic interaction theory which proposes that reality is what humans cognitively construct it to be

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7
Q

culture

A

a group’s shared practices, values, and beliefs

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8
Q

dramaturgical analysis

A

a technique sociologists use in which they view society through the metaphor of theatrical performance

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9
Q

dynamic equilibrium

A

a stable state in which all parts of a healthy society work together properly

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10
Q

dysfunctions

A

social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society

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11
Q

figuration

A

the process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of an individual and the society that shapes that behavior

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12
Q

function

A

the part a recurrent activity plays in the social life as a whole and the contribution it makes to structural continuity

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13
Q

functionalism

A

a theoretical approach that sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals that make up that society

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14
Q

generalized others

A

the organized and generalized attitude of a social group

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15
Q

grand theories

A

an attempt to explain large scale relationships and answer fundamental questions such as why societies form and why they change

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16
Q

latent functions

A

the unrecognized or unintended consequences of a social process

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17
Q

manifest functions

A

sought consequences of a social process

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18
Q

paradigms

A

philosophical theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them

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19
Q

positivism

A

the scientific study of social patterns

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20
Q

qualitative sociology

A

in-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data

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21
Q

quantitative sociology

A

statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants

22
Q

reification

A

an error of treating an abstract concept as though it has a real, material existence

23
Q

social facts

A

laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life

24
Q

social institutions

A

patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs

25
Q

social solidarity

A

the social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion

26
Q

society

A

a group of people who live in a defined geographical area who interact with one another and who share a common culture

27
Q

sociological imagination

A

the ability to understand how your own past relates to that of other people, as well as to history in general and societal structures in particular

28
Q

sociology

A

systematic study of society and social interation

29
Q

symbolic interacitonism

A

a theoretical perspective through which scholars examine the relationship of individuals within their society by studying their communication (language and symbols)

30
Q

theory

A

a proposed explanation about social interactions or society

31
Q

verstehen

A

a German word that means to understand in a deep way

32
Q

August Comte

A

believed social scientists could study society using the same scientific methods utilized in natural sciences; believed in potential of social scientists to work toward the betterment of society; named the scientific study of social patterns positivism coined term “sociology”; RATIONALITY; positivism by nature doesnt work but Comte is important because he was the first attempt at studying society

33
Q

Harriet Martineau

A

first woman sociologist; first systematic methodological international comparisons of social institutions; believed that belief in all being created equal was inconsistent with the lack of women’s rights

34
Q

Karl Marx

A

rejected Comte’s positivism; believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production; social conflict leads to change in society

35
Q

herbert spencer

A

first book with the term “sociology” in the title; rejected much of Comte’s philosophy as well as Marx’s theory of class struggle; favored form a government that allowed market forces to control capitalism

36
Q

Georg Simmel

A

took an anti-positivism stance and addressed topics such as social conflict, the function of money, etc; focused on micro-level theories

37
Q

Emile Durkheim

A

helped establish sociology as a formal academic discipline by establishing the first European department of sociology at the University of Bordeaux in 1895; theory on how societies transformed from a primitive state into a capitalist, industrial society; people rise to their proper levels in society based on merit; believed in “social facts”; did the suicide experiment: egoistic, altruistic, anomic, and fatalistic; regulation and integration

38
Q

George Herbert Mead

A

mind and self were developed as a result of social processes; individual comes to view himself based on a very large extent on interactions with others; microlevel of analysis

39
Q

Max Weber

A

established sociology department in Germany; wrote on political change in Russia and social forces; believed it was difficult to use standard scientific methods to predict the behaivor of groups; introduced verstehen; proposed antipositivism

40
Q

theories involve constructing?

A

abstract interpretations that can be used to explain a wide variety of empirical situations

41
Q

Regulation

A

how many rules there are

42
Q

Integration

A

how cohesive a society is

43
Q

Egotistic Suicide

A

Low integration; individual sense of meaninglessness, depression; usually unmarried individuals (Protestant males)

44
Q

Anomic Suicide

A

low regulation; lost, no guidance, culture is ineffective, moral feeling that society is breaking down; usually laid off people and teenagers (sentimental anomie)

45
Q

Fatalistic suicide

A

high regulation; norms are strong and people have no opportunities; usually slaves, prisoners, and overworked students/executives (no way of escape except through death)

46
Q

Altruistic Suicide

A

high integration; usually soldiers, parents, suicide bombers; willing to sacrifice yourself and die for society

47
Q

anomie

A

insufficient normative regulation; people are lost

48
Q

mechanical society

A

more traditional where solidarity comes from “we all do the same thing”, strong regulation and integration, feel like they belong because they have the same houses and work; cohesion is based on shared tradition; penalized if doing something different

49
Q

Organic society

A

more modern, there is a division of labor where people depend on each other and everyone does their individual work; everyone has a role to play

50
Q

Murdock on marriage

A

marriage and then family fulfill 4 basic functions: sexual, reproductive, educational, and economic

51
Q

instrumental roles

A

father: works outside, financial support

52
Q

expressive roles

A

mother: emotional support and care inside the home

SOC 1001 (8 decks)

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