Lecture 1

Question 1

what are the 4 clinical evaluative sciences

Answer 1

biostatistics
epidemiology
behavioral science
health economics

Question 2

the purpose of this course is to make you a life-long learner capable of understanding the dental literature, and a practitioner who can objectively and scientifically apply __

Answer 2

evidence to evaluate and improve your practice

Question 3

how to choose best information? the question becomes how should you decide which are the best procedures and techniques so you may provide the

Answer 3

best patient care

Question 4

the dental profession must seek

Answer 4

continuing professional development and be exposed to the info. explosion and the consumer movement

Question 5

an approach to oral health care that requires the integration clinically relevant scientific evidence, relating to the patient’s oral and medical condition and history, with the dentist’s clinical ___ and the patient’s ___

Answer 5

evidence-based dentistry

the dentist’s clinical expertise and the patient’s treatment needs and preferences

Question 6

evidence based dentistry takes a ___ approach

Answer 6

patient-centered

Question 7

evidence based dentistry is based on 3 important components

Answer 7

1. the best available scientific evidence
2. a dentist’s clinical skill and judgement
3. patient’s needs and preferences

Question 8

EBD is a ___ approach to practicing good dentistry to help practitioners (1-3)

Answer 8

systematic

help practitioners provide the right care, to the right patients, at the right time

Question 9

EBD is NOT

Answer 9

cook book dentistry

a standard of care

only about randomized trials

impossible to practice

Question 10

EBD (will/will not) tell what practitioners should or should not do

Answer 10

will not

Question 11

EBD process (is or is not) a rigid methodological evaluation of scientific evidence

Answer 11

is not

Question 12

EBD outcome

Answer 12

better quality of patient care

Question 13

EBD can facilitate, but does not guarantee

Answer 13

making better decisions in the provision of dental care

Question 14

the application of the current best evidence in making decisions about the care of the individual patients

Answer 14

evidence based practice

Sackett, 1996

Question 15

Evidence based dentistry steps: (5 of them)

Answer 15

1. formulate a clinically relevant question
2. find the best available evidence
3. review the evidence for its validity, applicability, strengths, and weaknesses
4. integrate the best research evidence with your clinical expertise and patient’s needs, desires, values
5. evaluate your efforts and seek ways to improve (self-evaluate)

Question 16

anatomy of well formulated question:
1= persons for whom an answer is sought

2= treatment or exposure related to the clinical condition of interest

3) alternative treatment or control condition
4. measure(s) used to assess effects

Answer 16

1= populations or patient type

2=intervention or exposure

3=comparison

4=outcome

Question 17

we generally accept that __ and __ are the best levels of evidence

Answer 17

systematic reviews and randomized control trials

Question 18

__ and __ are in the lowest level of evidence

Answer 18

case reports and expert opinions

Question 19

with regards to diagnosis, prognosis or causation, longitudinal studies such as __ are appropriate

Answer 19

cohort studies

Question 20

judging the quality of information, “best evidence” can be obtained from

Answer 20

1. RCT
2. cohort studies, case-control, and nonrandomized clinical studies
3. cross-sectional studies
4. descriptive surveys
5. case reports
6. personal opinion

Question 21

is a comprehensive search for all relevant studies on a specific topic and those identified are then appraised and synthesized according to predetermined and explicit criteria

Answer 21

systematic literature review

Question 22

to conduct a __ we must follow these steps:

synthesizes the best evidences and provides the basis for clinical practice guidelines

Answer 22

systematic literature review

Question 23

these practice guidelines give a brief review of what EBD is and how to use it

Answer 23

systematic literature review

Question 24

\+ID questions to be examined
\+determine the inclusion/exclusion criteria
\+create a search strategy
\+create criteria for study quality
\+development of conclusions

Answer 24

to conduct a systematic review

Question 25

__ is the use of current best evidence in making decisions about care of the individual patients

Answer 25

EBD

Question 26

EBD requires the practitioner to

Answer 26

question and think about what they are doing

Question 27

information needs to be __ and its validity determined

Answer 27

assessed

Question 28

the body of wiriting in books, journals, reports and other sources that make the sum of knowledge

Answer 28

dental literature

Question 29

__ are the basic source of current information

Answer 29

journals

Question 30

components of a scienctific paper

Answer 30

\+title,author
\+date of submissions and acceptance
\+abstract or summary
\+introduction
\+materials and mathods
\+results
\+discussion
\+conclusions

Question 31

a well written title should be

Answer 31

informative, concise, and attract interest

Question 32

__ should tell why the study was done, what was done, found, and concluded

Answer 32

abstract

Question 33

states the problem and current state of knowledge

Answer 33

introduction

Question 34

should be presented with sufficient detail that the reader could repeat the investigation

Answer 34

materials and methods

Question 35

presents the data in an organized manner

Answer 35

results

Question 36

contains the logical arguments linking the results to the work of other investigators

Answer 36

discussion

Question 37

presents the authors conclusions base on the evidence provided and taking into account potential limitations

Answer 37

conclusion

Question 38

by formulating a clinical __, carrying out an efficient __, evaluating the literature, and when appropriate, applying it to patient care, dentists can meet the challenges of continuing to provide quality care in a rapidly changing environment

Answer 38

question

literature search