Lecture 1 - Dietary Assessment and Barriers to Dietary Intakes - NOT FINISHED Flashcards
(33 cards)
what can we not say about RDI/EAR
for an individual we can not say that just because their intake is below the RDI/EAR that their intake is inadequate or that they are deficient
what we can say about the EAR/RDI
the closer the intake is to the RDI the less likely that their intake is inadequate
we can say that observed intakes between the EAR and RDI ….
probably need to be improved
we can say that intakes below the EAR
likely need to be improved
what is total energy expenditure equal to
basal or resting metabolic rate (BMR or RMR) + thermal effect of activity (TEF) + adaptive thermogenesis (AT)
what should a complete nutritional assessment ideally include
dietary evaluation,
anthropometry and body composition analysis,
biochemical testing,
nutrition-focused clinical examination,
patient history
what are the 4 stages to dietary assessment
stage 1 = determine food intake
stage 2 = convert food intake into nutrient intake, assessment of the absorbed intakes
stage 3 = interpret nutrient and food intake data
feedback
what are the two broad dietary assessment methods
direct and indirect
what are 3 common methods of dietary assessment
- food frequency questionnaire method
- diet recall method
- diet history
what is the method of food frequency questionnaire method
answers question about how often they consume particular foods / drinks
food frequency questionnaires are used in
large scale studies
some pros to food frequency questionnaires
- low respondent burden / high compliance
- relatively inexpensive
- high response rates
some cons to food frequency questionnaires
- relies on memory
- not suitable for individual intakes
what is the diet recall method
recall all foods and drinks eaten in the last 24 hrs
what is the use of diet recall method
large studies and clinic setting
pros to diet recall method
collects info on actual intake
low cost
high compliance
cons to diet recall method
relies on memory
needs skilled interviewer
single 24 hour recall not suitable for individual intake
what is the diet history method
answers questions about usual food intake meal pattern
what is the use of the diet history method
clinical setting
cons of diet history method
qualitative not quantitative
requires a skilled interviewer
relies on regular eating patterns
relies on memory
nutrient reference values don’t into account (3)
illness, trauma or metabolic stress (exercise)
nutritional deficiency states
genetic abnormalities
nutrient reference values take into account (4)
gender
age
pregnancy / lactation
growth
what is the EAR
a daily nutrient level estimated to meet the requirements of half of the healthy individuals of a particular life stage and gender group
what is the RDI
the average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97-98%) healthy individuals in a particular life stage or gender group
