Lecture 11 - Dietary Trends

Question 1

what is the world cancer research fund

Answer 1

trusted nutrition research

Question 2

what is important when looking at the references of an article (think about the weight loss from non alc beer example)

Answer 2

that the references used are actually papers backing up what they are talking about otherwise the article can be misleading / not accurate

Question 3

diet books used to be…

Answer 3

a common source of information for nutrition

Question 4

what varies between diet books

Answer 4

varying quality of information

Question 5

best selling diet books often promote ..

Answer 5

a lot promote weight loss, prevent / cure diseases

Question 6

how many books were written by dietitian’s in the top 83 best selling diet books and why is this an issue

Answer 6

only 3 dietitian’s

meaning a lot of the information people are reading could be inaccurate

Question 7

what is the best research designs

Answer 7

systematic reviews and meta analyses

Question 8

A study looked at a sample of posts from Instagram accounts with over 100,000 followers posting about nutrition, what proportion were poor quality nutrition information

Answer 8

1/3

Question 9

A study looked at a sample of posts from Instagram accounts with over 100,000 followers posting about nutrition, what proportion contained inaccuracies

Answer 9

about half

Question 10

what is meant by a fad diet

Answer 10

‘in fashion’

Question 11

what do fad diets often promise

Answer 11

promise quick weight loss

Question 12

fad diets are usually very

Answer 12

usually very restrictive

Question 13

fad diets often have few if any ….

Answer 13

scientific studies to support their claims

Question 14

the language used by fad diets is very

Answer 14

persuasive

Question 15

fad diets often recommend ….

Answer 15

expensive supplements

Question 16

detox diets may involve

Answer 16

fasting or consuming a restricted diet for a short period of time

Question 17

what are the three common claims in diets

Answer 17

• eliminate toxins from the body
• improve immunity
• weight loss

Question 18

there is very limited research in detox diets but what is said about the claim of removing toxins from the body

Answer 18

the lungs, liver and kidneys naturally filter out toxins

Question 19

what does science say about detox diets being very low in calorie

Answer 19

weight loss may occur in the short term but is not sustainable in the long term

Question 20

what are the characteristics of the carnivore diet

Answer 20

• high fat , low carbohydrate
• consuming meat and some fat as well

Question 21

what does the science say about the carnivore diet

Answer 21

• multiple food groups missing
• increased risk of colorectal cancer

Question 22

how does the body respond to losing weight fast

Answer 22

responds by going into starvation response, gets rid of glycogen stores within a short period of time

Question 23

losing glycogen stores within a short period of time forces the body to what (also is this a good way to lose weight)

Answer 23

to lose stores such as muscle mass because no glycogen stores or enough glucose coming in from the diet

bad way to lose weight

Question 24

how to spot a fad diet

Answer 24

• do they offer a quick fix?
• are they trying to sell you something ?
• do they promote unhealthy habits ?
• is the diet sustainable
• is there evidence

Question 25

what is the common diet trend associated with gluten

Answer 25

many people who aren't coeliac going gluten free because they think it is healthier for them

Question 26

a survey looked at people who cut out gluten from their diet, what did they find

Answer 26

people who were cutting out gluten didnt actually know what they were cutting out cause they didnt know what gluten actually was

Question 27

what is gluten

Answer 27

formed from two proteins (gliadin and glutenin)

Question 28

what are the claims of a gluten free diet

Answer 28

- boost energy - decrease bloating and other gut problems - lose weight

Question 29

what does the science say about a gluten free diet

Answer 29

- no benefit to going gluten free if you dont have coeliac disease or a sensitivity - gluten free diets can be lower in fibre and some B vitamins

Question 30

claims of sugar free

Answer 30

- boost energy - lose weight - improve mental clarity

Question 31

what the science says about sugar free diets

Answer 31

- removing sugar sweetened beverages and other foods high in free and added sugar can have benefits - whole food sources of sugar have essential nutrients and should not be avoided

Question 32

what is intermittent fasting

Answer 32

time restricted eating

Question 33

what are the benefits that science says about intermittent fasting

Answer 33

- can be easier to stick to - can result in weight loss

Question 34

what science says about the risks to intermittent fasting

Answer 34

- not suitable for people on some medication - dizziness, low energy levels, poor mental functioning

Question 35

benefits of what science says in vegan diets

Answer 35

- high intake of fruits and vegetables - lower BMI - lower rates of heart disease - lower environmental impact

Question 36

risks of what science says in vegan diets

Answer 36

- vitamin B12 deficiency - low iron status ? - low calcium

Question 37

what is the keto diet

Answer 37

very low carbohydrate diet (<20-50g) that includes ketosis - high fat ~70%

Question 38

what was the keto diet originally used in

Answer 38

children with epilepsy

Question 39

the keto diet aims to change ...

Answer 39

the type of fuel your body uses

Question 40

what does the science say about weight loss on the keto diet

Answer 40

Can help people lose weight in the short term (long term effects not well understood)

Question 41

what does the science say about the risks of the keto diet

Answer 41

- high in saturated fat - risk of nutrient deficiency - kidney problems - low in fibre - fuzzy thinking and mood swings

Question 42

where is the healthy plate model from

Answer 42

EAT LANCET

Question 43

tools to evaluate dietary trend

Answer 43

- look at the trusted evidence - does it eliminate food groups or foods ? - is it sustainable long term ?

Question 44

what is dry fasting

Answer 44

Restricting food and fluids for a period of time

Question 45

what are the claims of dry fasting

Answer 45

- rests the kidneys - improves skin problems - weight loss

Question 46

the evidence shows symptoms of what from a dry fast

Answer 46

symptoms of dehydration

Question 47

what is the basics to the pegan diet

Answer 47

plant focused small to moderate amounts of 'clean meat' gluten and dairy free or "light" avoid sugar eat lots of healthy fats

Question 48

what does the science of the pegan diet show

Answer 48

good to include plant focused meals, good to avoid sugar but shouldnt avoid sugar in wholefoods and should't be dairy or gluten free unless you need to be

Question 49

what does lactase do

Answer 49

helps break down lactose

Question 50

safe weight loss diets must :

Answer 50

- contain all required nutrients - be palatable and acceptable - have strategies for weight maintenance - have medical assessment