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AU2017 Gen Path Exam 3 > Lecture 1- Gastrointestinal Pathology 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1- Gastrointestinal Pathology 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

…. …. can precede onset of lower GI disease, be present during GI disease, can persist after or reflect systemic alterations secondary to GI disease such as those seen with malabsorption

A

oral manifestations

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2
Q

the parotid gland is mainly ….

A

serous acni

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3
Q

sublingual glands are mainly …

A

mucous acini

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4
Q

submandibular and minor glands are mainly…

A

neither, they are mixed

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5
Q

What is the autoimmune disease that usually occurs in females 30s-50s that present with dry mouth and eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) and intense lymphocytic infiltrate that replaces glandular tissue

A

Sjogren syndrome

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6
Q

Sjogren syndrome has an …. increased risk for lymphoma

A

40x

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7
Q

you can see a uni or bilateral enlargement in the parotid gland in … syndrome

A

sjogren

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8
Q

how often is sjogren syndrome secondary as opposed to primary?

A

60% of the time and occurs in setting of other autoimmune diseases

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9
Q

…% of salivary gland tumors are of the … gland and … of those are benign

A

75%

parotid

75%

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10
Q

2 types of benign salivary gland tumors

A

pleomorphic adenoma

warthrin tumor

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11
Q

most common malignant salivary gland tumor?

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

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12
Q

pleomorphic adenoma occurs …% of the time in the parotid

A

60%

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13
Q

T/F pleomorphic adenomas are lobulated and firm on palpitation

A

true

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14
Q

there is …% of recurrence with pleomorphic adenomas

A

10%

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15
Q

Can pleomorphic adenomas undergo malignant transformations?

A

yes

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16
Q

warthin tumor occurs only in the …. gland

A

parotid

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17
Q

T/F females are mostly affected my warthin tumors

A

false

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18
Q

…% of warthin tumors are bilateral

A

10%

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19
Q

warthin tumors are associated with…

A

smoking

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20
Q

where can mucoepidermoid carcinoma occur?

A

parotid and minor glands

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21
Q

what condition can there be a bluish color due to mucin and cystic growth pattern

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

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22
Q

… means the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax

A

achalasia

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23
Q

esophageal obsrtuctions can be … or …

A

mechanical- post inflammatory fibrosis or stenosis

functional- discoordinated muscular contractions

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24
Q

… … can arise due to portal HTN and is seen in 90% of cirrhotic patients

A

esophageal varices

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25
Are esophageal varices symptomatic or asymptomatic?
asymptomatic but can rupture and lead to a massive hemorrhage/death
26
extrinsic agents of esophagitis?
``` chemicals iatrogenic infections trauma smoking ```
27
intrinsic agents of esophagitis
reflux (GERD)
28
acids, smoking and pill lodging are examples of ... agents of esophagitis
extrinsic
29
chemo, radiation and graft vs. host diseases are examples of ... agents of esophagitis
iatrogenic
30
fungal and viral causes of esophagitis are ... agents and are more common in immuno-compromised patients
infectious
31
... esophagus is a complication of GERD with increased risk of adenocarcinoma
Barret
32
T/F despite increased risk, most people with barrets do NOT develop tumors?
true
33
... esophagus is intestinal metaplasia within the esophagus squamous mucosa
Barret
34
2 diagnostic features for Barrett esophagus
1. extension of abnormal mucosa above gastro-esophageal jxn | 2. demonstration of squamous metaplasia
35
... may be seen in patients with chronic gastric reflux (GERD, hiatal hernia, alcoholism and bulimia)
gastric acid enamel erosion
36
enamel loss often affects which surfaces?
lingual/palatal
37
extent of enamel loss in GI reflux may result ... or ...
duration frequency
38
2 benign esophageal neoplasms are?
leiomyoma | mucosal polyps
39
esophageal malignancies account for ...% of all GI cancer
8%
40
2 types of malignant tumors in the esophagus
adenocarcinoma (barret) squamous cell carcinoma
41
squamous cell carcinoma is associated with ... and ... use
smoking alcohol use
42
SCC: tends to occur in males ...:1 and especially african americans ...:1 vs. white males
4: 1 6: 1
43
what is the 5 year survival of Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
9%
44
Adenocarcinoma is associated with ... and tends to occur in males ...:1 and is often detected late and has a ...% 5 year survival rate
GERD 7:1 25%
45
SCC occurs mostly in the ... of the esophagus
middle third
46
SCC has regional variation so it is most common where? this may be due to geentics, environment or diet
china, brazil, south africa
47
what can increase risk for SCC
dietary- vitamin def., fungal contam of food, nitrates and nitrosamines SMOKING and alcohol Plummer Vinson, achalasia, esophagitis
48
which is more common worldwide? SCC or adenocarcinoma?
SCC
49
adenocarcinoma usually affects the .... of the esophagus
distal third
50
are caucasians or african americans more affected by adenocarcinoma?
caucasians
51
autoimmune gastritis (which is chronic) is loss of the ... cells which pump out acid. this leads to decreased ... and decreased .... absorption which is ... anemia
parietal intrinsic factor B12 pernicious
52
what can cause acute gastritis
cigarettes, alcohol, stress, ischemia, NSAIDs, aspirin, infection
53
symptoms of acute gastritis?
asymptomatic to epigastric pain to hemorrhage
54
main cause of chronic gastritis?
infection, 90% of cases (helicobacter pylori)
55
treatment of chornic gastritis caused by helicobacter pylori?
antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors
56
what can cause peptic ulcer disease?
H.pylori, NSAID use
57
peptic ulcer disease is ...% duodenum or stomach
98%
58
peptic ulcer disease: lifetime risk for males ...% , lifetime risk for females ...%
10% 4%
59
peptic ulcer disease involves gastric ... and recurrent ... with intermittent ...
hyperacidity ulcers healing
60
peptic ulcer complications
intractable pain hemorrhage perforation (5%) obstruction-edema, fibrosis (2%)
61
4 causes of small intestine malabsorptive diarrhea
celiac disease: gluten allergen tropical sprue lactate deficiency abetalipoproteinemia
62
in caucasians, about 1 in.... have gluten sensitivity
100-200
63
gluten sensitivity is actually a hypersensitivity to ....
gliadin
64
morphology of gluten sensitivity
blunted villi inflammatory infiltrate
65
T/F symptoms of gluten sensitivity dramatically improve with withdrawal of wheat gliadin and related grain proteins from diet
true
66
odynophagia is ... and is a symptom of esophagitis along with dysphagia, heartburn and regurgitation of gastric contents
pain on swallowing
67
...% of chronic gastritis cases are autoimmune (pernicious anemia)
10
68
... is a curved gram-negative bacillus seen in most cases of chronic infectious gastritis
Helicobacter pylori
69
... is a cause of small intestine malabsorptive diarrhea and it is a defect in transepithelial transport of mono and triglycerides
abetalipoproteinemia
70
clinical aspects of malabsorption
anemia osteopenia, tetany amenorrhea, impotence, infertility peripheral neuropathy, nyctalopia (decreased vit. A)
71
.... results from malabsorption of any of the following: iron, pyridoxine, folate, B12, vit. K
anemia
72
.... can result from malabsorption of Ca, Mg, vit D and protein
osteopenia, tetany
73
...,...., and ... can result from generalized malnutrition
infertility impotence amenorrhea
74
... and ... can result from malabsorption of vit. A and B12
peripheral neuropathy nyctalopia (night blindness)
75
if malabsorption is severe, initial oral sign is
atrophic glossitis (bald, reddish tongue)
76
oral manifestations of malabsorption: | overt tongue lesions are usually..... and burning sensation (...) is a common complaint
tender glossopyrosis

AU2017 Gen Path Exam 3 (12 decks)

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