Lecture 1: Intro Flashcards
(70 cards)
What is regional anatomy?
Organization of the body into parts with learning of integrated systems within and between each region.
Examples include studying neurovasculature within and between the arm and forearm.
Define systemic anatomy.
Organization of the body into organ systems with common functions and properties.
Examples include the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, circulatory, gastrointestinal, urinary, and reproductive systems.
What is the integumentary system composed of?
Skin and associated structures such as hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
It serves major sensory and protective functions.
List the functions of the skeletal system.
- Basic support
- Protection
- Movement
- Mineral storage
- Blood cell formation
Further details are typically covered in L2.
What is the primary function of the muscular system?
Provides movement for parts of the body and to propel/expel/control fluids and digested material.
It includes skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.
What does the nervous system consist of?
Central and peripheral systems involving motor and sensory functions, both voluntary and involuntary, and higher order functions.
More information is available in L3 and L4.
What is the circulatory system responsible for?
Transporting fluids throughout the body.
It includes cardiovascular (arteries and veins) and lymphatic systems.
Describe the gastrointestinal system.
Structures running from the mouth to the anus that serve to ingest, process, digest food and nutrients, and expel waste.
More details can be found in L24 and L25.
What organs make up the urinary system?
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Urinary bladder
- Urethra
This system filters blood and excretes waste products via urine.
What does the reproductive system consist of?
Gonads (ovaries and testes) and associated structures that produce, transport, and facilitate gamete union.
More information is available in L27.
What is clinical anatomy?
Applied anatomy that utilizes both regional and systemic approaches in medical fields.
It focuses on the anatomy of both normal and pathological conditions.
Define comparative anatomy.
Study of similarities and differences between different organisms to infer relationships, function, and adaptive changes over evolutionary time.
For example, gerbils and kangaroo rats have evolved enlarged auditory bulla independently.
What is the anatomical position?
Standardized convention in anatomy where individual is standing vertically with head, eyes, and toes directed anteriorly, and upper limbs by sides with palms facing anteriorly.
Lower limbs are close with feet parallel and toes pointing anteriorly.
What is the median or midsagittal plane?
A vertical plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves.
What is the parasagittal planes?
Vertical plane that divides the body into unequal right and left
halves.
What does the frontal or coronal plane divide?
The body into anterior and posterior halves.
What is the transverse plane?
A plane that divides the body into superior and inferior halves.
What is an oblique plane?
Any plane of section that is not one of the standard anatomical planes.
What does superior or cranial mean?
Towards the head
What does inferior or caudal mean?
Towards the feet/tail
Define medial.
Towards the midline
What does lateral mean?
Away from the midline
What is the meaning of anterior or ventral?
Towards the front/belly
What does posterior or dorsal refer to?
Towards the back/dorsum