Lecture 1 - Intro To Pathology Flashcards
(29 cards)
Where and when
- looking at number affected
- disease occurrence and spread
- -epidemic = more cases than normal for that area
- -pandemic = when it crosses into different countries
Epidemiology
Underlying cause
-infectious, idiopathic, iatrogenic
Etiology
Name that condition..what caused it?
- Formal name used to describe a patient’s disease.
- Based on signs, symptoms, and the results of diagnostic tests.
- Requires knowledge of different diseases and their characteristics.
- important for management and prognosis
Diagnosis
Source of disease is medical professional or medical procedure; in course of treatment, we caused it
Iatrogenic
Unknown cause or source
Idiopathic
Infections disease that is acquired from a hospital-type setting
Nosocomial
The disease process; process and mechanism of ‘how this is happening’
Pathogenesis
Study of disease, especially changes in cells/tissues/organs that cause or are caused by disease
Pathology
Functional change that accompany a particular syndrome or disease
Pathophysiology
Term used to describe what the doctor measure/sees/finds in the patient
Sign
Term used to describe what the patient tells the doctor is happening; “I’be been vomiting for 3 days”
Symptom
Relatively rapid onset and short duration; not necessarily severe
Acute
Disease that is lasting for a long duration
Chronic
What is the approximate timing for a disease to be labeled chronic?
3 months or more
How many chronic diseases are preventable?
7/10
Ill defined time between acute and chronic
Subacute
Extrinsic factors
- Biological agents: microorganisms and parasites
- Chemical agents: any chemical that can cause harm
- Physical agents: mechanical injury, temperature extremes, electricity, radiation
- Nutritional imbalances: excesses or deficiencies
Intrinsic factors
- Genetic factors: inherited gene or chromosomal mutations (ex: Down’s Syndrome = Trisomy 21)
- Congenital factors: defects in embryological development
- Immunological factors: immune deficiency, misdirection, or autoimmunity
- Psychological factors: anxiety, strong or persistent psychological stress
Lag phase of disease; “silent” phase; few signs/symptoms
Latency
Phase of disease that presents as flu-like symptoms; hard to figure out what is causing it
Prodrome
Classical symptoms phase where you will do a bilirubin test
Clinical symptoms
Top chronic disease killers of Americans in 2014
1) Heart disease
2) Cancer
3) Stroke
4) Type DM
5) Obesity
Percentage of total patients that die from heart disease and/or cancer
46% (almost 50%)
Airborne pollutants, contaminants in food/water, human waste products, heavy metals, fire.
These are examples of what?
Chemical agents of Extrinsic factors
