Lecture 1 - Introduction to Immunology

Question 1

Which immunity has no memory?

Answer 1

innate

Question 2

Which immunity has memory?

Answer 2

adaptive

Question 3

Which immunity is non-specific?

Answer 3

innate

Question 4

Which immunity is specific?

Answer 4

adaptive

Question 5

Which immunity is rapid?

Answer 5

innate

Question 6

Which immunity is slow?

Answer 6

adaptive

Question 7

The body’s defenses is a complex interacting network of ______

Answer 7

biochemical and cellular reactions

Question 8

Which immunity recognizes PAMPs and DAMPs

Answer 8

innate

Question 9

Which immunity leads to inflammation

Answer 9

innate

Question 10

Which immunity depends on antigen capture and processing

Answer 10

adaptive

Question 11

Which immunity relies on T/B cell activation

Answer 11

adaptive

Question 12

List the basic steps of innate immunity

Answer 12

microbial invasion->recognition of PAMPs and DAMPs->inflammation->pathogen elimination

Question 13

List the basic steps of adaptive immunity

Answer 13

microbial invasion->antigen capture and processing->T/B cell activation->pathogen elimination and immunology memory

Question 14

Which is the first line of defense and which is the backup?

Answer 14

innate; adaptive

Question 15

What is tolerance in regards to adaptive defense?

Answer 15

B cells/T cells don’t react to self antigens

Question 16

Which immunity can enhance the other?

Answer 16

adaptive enhances innate

Question 17

List the 5 components of the innate immune system?

Answer 17

1. Physical/chemical barriers
2. phagocytic and sentinel cells
3. Complement system
4. Innate defense cytokines
5. Natural killer cells

Question 18

List the 2 basic components of adaptive defense.

Answer 18

1. humoral immunity (antibodies)
2. cell mediated immunity

Question 19

List the 4 physical/chemical barriers of the innate immune system

Answer 19

1. epithelial barriers (skin, mucus membranes)
2. normal microflora- natural competition for space and resources
3. Acid environment in stomach
4. antimicrobial peptides

Question 20

What do phagocytic cells do?

Answer 20

ingest and kill pathogens

Question 21

List 2 examples of phagocytic cells

Answer 21

neutrophils and macrophages

Question 22

What do sentinel cells do

Answer 22

resident tissue cells that detect invasion by recognizing PAMPs and DAMPs

Question 23

List 3 examples of sentinel cells

Answer 23

dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells

Question 24

What is the complement system in innate defense

Answer 24

Enzyme cascade system of 20-30 proteins in blood plasma with antimicrobial activity

Question 25

What is the downside of the complement system

Answer 25

potent; harmful if not regulated

Question 26

What are the advantages of the complement system

Answer 26

rapidly induced after invasion, mutliple mechanisms for controlling infection

Question 27

What are cytokines

Answer 27

protein messenger molecules that can act on other cells or the cell that produced it

Question 28

What are teh 3 types of innate defense cytokines

Answer 28

1. proinflammatory cytokines 2. chemokines 3. interferons

Question 29

What are proinflammatory cytokines

Answer 29

secreted by sentinel cells in response to PAMPs and DAMPs

Question 30

What do proinflammatory cytokines cause

Answer 30

fever, lethargy, loss of appetite

Question 31

What are the 3 examples of proinflammatory cytokines

Answer 31

IL-1, IL-6, TNF

Question 32

What are chemokines

Answer 32

cause cells to migrate to sites of infection, some are produced by sentinel cells

Question 33

What are interferons

Answer 33

interferes with replication of some viruses

Question 34

What cells produce interferons

Answer 34

virally infected cells

Question 35

What are NK cells

Answer 35

lympcyte that is part of innate immunity

Question 36

What do NK cells kill

Answer 36

virus infected cells and tumor cells

Question 37

How do NK cells determine which cells to kill

Answer 37

recognize and kill cells that do not express normal proteins

Question 38

What is humoral immunity

Answer 38

antibodies

Question 39

What are the 3 components of cell mediated immunity

Answer 39

1. T-helper cells 2. cytotoxic T cells 3. Gamma delta T cells

Question 40

How did humoral immunity get its name

Answer 40

transfer of body 'humors' from protected animal to naive animal could provide protection

Question 41

what cells produce antibodies

Answer 41

B cells or B lymphocytes

Question 42

What is another name for antibody

Answer 42

immunoglobulun

Question 43

Examples of immunoglobulin

Answer 43

IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE

Question 44

How did cell mediated immunity (CMI) get its name

Answer 44

transfer of cells from protected animal to naive animal could provide protection

Question 45

How are T cells divied in CMI

Answer 45

based on T cell receptors

Question 46

What are the 2 types of T cells in CMI

Answer 46

1. alpha-beta T cells 2. gamma delta T cells

Question 47

What are examples of alpha beta T cells

Answer 47

1. T helper cells 2. cytotoxic T cells

Question 48

2 major types of cells in adaptive immunity

Answer 48

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes

Question 49

What are the cells in adaptive defense that recognize antigens?

Answer 49

antigen-presenting cells

Question 50

To what cells do APCs present antigens?`

Answer 50

MSCs

Question 51

What are 3 types of APCs

Answer 51

1. dendritic cells 2. Macrophages 3. B-cells

Question 52

What does immunulogic memory mean in adaptive defense

Answer 52

adaptive immune system remembers specific antigen and produces and stronger immune response the second time

Question 53

Why is tolerance in adaptive immune system important

Answer 53

Protecting self from immune system- makes sure immune cells don't recognize own proteins