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Veterinary Immunology > Lecture 7 - Cytokines and their Receptors > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Cytokines and their Receptors Flashcards

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1
Q

Cytokines have a [low]/[high] molecular weigh

A

low

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2
Q

What do cytokines regulate?

A

intensity and duration of innate and adaptive immunity responses

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3
Q

Cytokine activity is mediated by

A

receptors

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4
Q

Autocrine

A

act on the cell that produced it

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5
Q

Paracrine

A

act on another cell nearby

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6
Q

Endocrine

A

act at a distant location

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7
Q

Monokines

A

proteins from monocytes

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8
Q

Lymphokines

A

proteins from lymphocytes

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9
Q

Interleukin

A

between leukocytes

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10
Q

Interferon

A

interfere with viral replication, ect/

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11
Q

Chemokines

A

chemotactic cytokines that attract specific cells to their location

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12
Q

Colony stimulating factors (CSF)

A

stimulate colony formation in bone marrow, stimulate stem cell differentiation

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13
Q

growth factors

A

stimulate cells to grow in vitro

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14
Q

Antigens stimulate

A

TCR

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15
Q

PAMPs stimulate

A

TLR

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16
Q

Antibodies stimulate

A

FcR

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17
Q

What is a key event in signal transduction and cellular activation

A

protein phosphorylation

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18
Q

What part of proteins mediate many cell signals

A

phostphate side-chain

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19
Q

Three functions of cytokines

A
  1. mediate and regulate innate immunity
  2. mediate and regulate and adaptive immunity
  3. stimulate hematopoiesis
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20
Q

Cytokines that regulate innate immunity are important in what part of infection

A

first few days of infection when the adaptive immune response has not yet started

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21
Q

Examples of cytokines that regulate innate immunity

A
  1. IL-1
  2. IL-6
  3. TNF-a
  4. IL-12
  5. Type I interferons
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22
Q

What cells produce IL-12 and in response to what

A

APCs in response to bacteria and viruses

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23
Q

What do IL-12 activate

A

NK cells to be more efficient killers

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24
Q

What do IL-12 induce

A

IFNy production

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25
What do IL-12 stimulate
differentiation of TH1 cells
26
What type of activity do type I interferons have
antiviral
27
Examples of type I interferons
IFN a and B
28
What immunity are type I interferons involved in
innate
29
What cells produce type I IFN
virally-infected nucleated cells
30
What do type I IFN cells do
make other cells resistant to viral infection
31
Example of type II interferons
IFNy
32
What immunity is type II IFN involved in
innate and adaptive
33
What cells produce type II IFN
NK cells and activated TH1
34
Type II IFN are anti-________________
viral
35
Type II IFN activates
macrophages, neutrophils, and NK cells
36
What do type II IFN promote
1. TH1 development 2. promotes B cell to produce IgG
37
What do type II IFN inhibit
TH2 development
38
What do type II interferons upregulate
MHC expression on APCs
39
Cytokines that regulate adaptive immunity are produced primarily by
T lymphocytes
40
Cytokines that regulate adaptive immunity are elicited in response to
specific antigen recognition
41
Cytokines that regulate adaptive immunity regulate
lymphocyte activation, growth, and differentiation
42
Cytokines that regulate adaptive immunity enhance
innate defense
43
What cytokines regulate lymphocyte activation, growth, and differentiation
IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, IL-10, TGFB, IFNy
44
What cytokines enhance innate immunity
IFNy, TNF, IL-5
45
What do IL-2 for regulation of lymphocyte activation, growth, and differentiation
lymphocyte proliferation
46
What do IL-4 do for regulation of lymphocyte activation, growth, and differentiation
stimulate TH2, B cell differentiation (IgE)
47
What do IL-13 do for regulation of lymphocyte activation, growth, and differentiation
B cell differentiation (IgE)
48
What do IL-10 do for regulation of lymphocyte activation, growth, and differentiation
Inhibit TH1
49
What do TGFB do for regulation of lymphocyte activation, growth, and differentiation
Treg cytokine, B cell differentiation (IgA)
50
What do IFNy do for regulation of lymphocyte activation, growth, and differentiation
B cell differentiation
51
What do IFNy do to enhance innate response
activate macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells
52
What do TNF do to enhance innate immunity
activate endothelial cells, neutrophils
53
What do IL-5 do to enhance innate immunity
eosinophil activaton and generation
54
What do cytokines that stimulate hematopoiesis regulate
growth and differentiation of bone marrow progenitor cells
55
When are cytokines that stimulate hematopoeisis produced
innate and adaptive immune response
56
What are the clinically important hematopoeitic cytokines
1. erythropoietin 2. thrombopoietin and IL-11 3. IL-3 4. IL-5 5. GM-CSF 6. G-CSF 7. M-CSF
57
Function of erythropoietin
stimulate production and differentiation of RBC
58
Function of thrombopoietin and IL-11
stimulate platelet production
59
Function of IL-3
stimulate bone marrow production of WBCs
60
Function of IL-5
stimulate eosinophil differentiation during parasite infection/allergic response. Antagonists used in eosinophilia and asthma
61
Function of GM-CSF
stimulate differentiation of neutrophil and monocyte
62
Function of G-CSF
stimulate differentiation of neutrophils
63
Function of M-CSF
stimulate differentiation of monocytes
64
Cyotkine secretion is a ____________, ________ event
brief, self-limited
65
T/F Cytokines are produced all the time
FALSE only when needed
66
Many individual cytokines are produced by ______
multiple diverse cell types
67
Individual cytokines may act on many different cell types
TRUE
68
T/F cytokines only have one effect on a target cell
FALSE
69
Cytokines act by binding to specific _______s on target cells
membrane receptors
70
Cellular responses to cytokines require
new mRNA and protein synthesis
71
Examples of regulatory mechanisms for cytokines
1. receptor antagonists 2. release of soluble receptors to soak up or neutrolaize cytokine 3. cytokines of opposite effect to counteract response 4. deceptor receptor
72
Example of cytokine receptor antagonist
IL_1 receptor antagonist binds to the IL-1 receptor but does not stimulate signal transduction
73
Example of soluble receptors for cytokines
soluble receptors for TNF will bind TNF so it cannot have cellular effect
74
Examples of cytokines with opposite effects
IL-4 stimulates B cells to switch to IgE production and IFNy suppresses IgE production
75
Example of deceptor receptor
decoy receptor binds to IL-1, no IL-1 binding to its receptor
76
When cytokines bind to their receptors, what are generated
transcription factors

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