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Veterinary Immunology > Lecture 12 - Helper T cells and their response to antigen > Flashcards

Lecture 12 - Helper T cells and their response to antigen Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of TCR

A

a and B chain form antigen binding groove, there are 2 extracellular domains, a transmembrnae domain, and a cytoplasmic domain

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2
Q

How to tell if TCR complex is Th or T cytotoxic

A

TH binds with CD4 and T cytotoxic has CD8

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3
Q

How does T cell-APC interaction result in activation

A

TCR-MHCII binding activates CD 154, activates, CD28, increases IL-2

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4
Q

How does T cell-APC interaction result in inactivation

A
  1. CD154 binds to CD40, Activates CD80/86 (prev. bound to CD28) and it binds to CD152 which inactivates.
  2. IDO destroys tryptophan, terminates T cell response
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5
Q

What is the role of costimulation in T cell activation

A

increased expression of costimulators activate APCs and result in T cell proliferation and differentiation

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6
Q

CD4+ aB T cells are called

A

T helper cells

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7
Q

CD4+ aB T cells recognize antigens displayed on

A

MHC II

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8
Q

Naive Th cells differentiate into

A

TH1, TH2, TH17, and T reg

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9
Q

What dictates what naive T helper cells will differentiate into

A

signals naive TH cells receive from APCs and the local environment

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10
Q

What is the most important signal for differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells and what is it determined by

A

cytokines produced by; determined by nature of infection

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11
Q

Each effector T cell subset produces cytokines that …

A

amplify itself and inhibit the other subsets

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12
Q

Differentiation of each subset is associated with the _____

A

activation of TF that stimulate production of various cytokines

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13
Q

What cytokines help stimulate production of TH1

A

IL-12, IFN-y

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14
Q

What cytokines help produce TH2 cells

A

IL-4

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15
Q

What infection stimulates production of TH1 cells

A

intracellular microbes

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16
Q

What infection stimulates production of TH2 cells

A

helminths

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17
Q

What infection stimulates the production of TH17 cells

A

extracellular fungi, bacteria

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18
Q

Th-polarizing cytokines for Th1

A

IL-12, IFN-y

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19
Q

Th-polarizing cytokines for Th2

A

IL-4, IL-33, TSLP

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20
Q

Th-polarizing cytokines for TH17

A

IL-6, IL-23, TGFB

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21
Q

Th-polarizing cytokines for Treg

A

IL-10, TGF-B

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22
Q

TF for Th1

A

T-bet

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23
Q

TF for Th2

A

GATA3

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24
Q

TF for Th17

A

ROR-yt

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25
TF for Treg
FoxP3
26
Efffector cytokines for Th1
IL-2, IFN-y, TNF-a, GM-CSF, IL-3
27
Effector cytokines for Th2
IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, TNF-a, GM-CSF, IL-3
28
2 main cytokines produced by Th1
IL-2, IFN-y
29
Function of IL-2
activate T cells, B cells, NK cells, and macrophages
30
Functions of IFN-y
1. Inhibits Th2 cells 2. Stimulates Th1 cells 3. Activates NK cells 4. Activates macrophages
31
IFN-y is ANTI-___
VIRAL
32
What 3 cells produce IFN-y
Th-1, NK, CD8 T cells
33
Function of TH1 cells
classical macrophage activation (enhanced microbial killing)
34
Response of macrophages after activation by Th1 cells
1. killing of phagocytosed bacteria 2. secretion of cytokines (TNF, IL-1, IL-12, chemokines) 3. Increased expression of MHC and costimulators (B7 molecules)
35
4 cytokines produced by Th2 ells
IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13
36
Function of IL-4
1. Stimulates B cell growth/differentiation 2. Activates mast cells 3. Activates macrophages 4. Suppresses Th1 activation (blocks IFN-y/IL-2) 5. Suppresses Th17 cells
37
Function of IL-13
1. Stimulates B cell growth 2. Suppresses macrophage function
38
Function of IL-5
1. Stimulates B cell growth 2. Mobilizes and activates eosinophils
39
Function of IL-9
T cell growth factor
40
5 Functions of Th2 cells
1. Antibody production 2. Alternate macrophage activation (enhanced fibrosis/tissue repair) 3. mast cell degranulation 4. intestinal mucus secretion and peristalsis 5. eosinophil activation
41
3 functions of Th17 cells
1. inflammation, neutrophil response 2. Antimicrobial peptides 3. Increased barrier integrity
42
Th1 DEFINING cytokines
IFNy
43
Th2 DEFINING cytokines
IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
44
Th17 DEFINING cytokines
IL-17, IL-22
45
Th1 target cells
macrophages
46
Th2 target cells
eosinophils
47
Th17 target cells
neutrophils
48
What are γδ high species
ruminants and pigs
49
What are γδ low species
Humans and mice
50
Innate/Adaptive areas for γδ high species
skin, mammary glands, intestine, blood
51
Innate areas for γδ low species
skin, genital tract
52
Adaptive areas for γδ low species
secondary lymphoid organs
53
γδ low species innate immunity leads to
PAMPs, lipids, MHC
54
γδ low species adaptive immunity leads to
Th1 (IFNy) and Th2 (IL-4)
55
γδ high species innate immunity leads to
WC1+ -> antimicrobial, regulatory, multiple subsets
56
γδ high species adaptive immunity leads to
WC1- ->IL-12, IFNy->Th1-like
57
The antigen-binding chains of the TCR connect to a complex signal transducing component called
CD3
58
TH1 cells are stimulated by ___ and secrete ___ in response. They generally promote _______ responses
1. IL-12 2. IFNy 3. cell-mediated
59
TH2 cells secrete ____ and promote _____ responses
1. IL-4, IL-13, IL-10 2. antibody
60
Th17 development is stimulated by ___, they secrete ___, and promote ____
1. IL-6, TGF-B, and IL-23 2. IL-17 3. neutrophil-mediated inflammation
61
Where are γ/δ Helper T cells confined to in humans
intestinal wall
62
What are the predominant circulating T cells in young ruminants and pigs
γ/δ Helper T cells

Veterinary Immunology (20 decks)

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