Lecture 1. Network Fundamentals 1,3 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is a computer network?
: A computer network is a system that connects two or more devices (like computers, servers, etc.) to share information, resources, and services.
What is the difference between a server and a client?
A server is a device or program that provides services to other devices (clients) on a network. Clients are devices that consume those services.
What are the main components of a computer network?
Devices (like servers, clients, routers, switches), cables, and network interfaces.
What is a physical topology?
It shows the physical layout of devices, cables, and installations in a network.
What is a logical topology?
It depicts(describe,
outline) the flow of data, device connections, ports, and addressing schemes.
Q: What is a LAN?
A: LAN stands for Local Area Network; it provides network access to users and devices in a small geographic area (e.g., a home, office, or business).
Q: What is a WAN?
A: WAN stands for Wide Area Network; it connects multiple LANs over a large geographic area, often owned by large organizations or telecoms.
Q: Define intranet, extranet, and internet.
Intranet: A private network within a single organization.
Extranet: Provides limited access to outsiders who need to connect to organizational data.
Internet: A global collection of interconnected networks.
What are the characteristics of a reliable network?
Fault tolerance: Ability to operate even if components fail.
Quality of Service (QoS): Prioritizes certain traffic, like voice or video.
Scalability: Can grow and support more users without affecting performance.
Security: Ensures data confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
What are the three goals of network security?
Confidentiality: Only intended recipients can read the data.
Integrity: Data is not altered during transmission.
Availability: Reliable access for authorized users.
What is BYOD?
: Bring Your Own Device, which allows users to connect personal devices to the network.
Q: What are some recent networking trends?
Online collaboration
Video communications
Cloud computing
Powerline networking
Wireless broadband (4G, LTE, 5G)
What is the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)?
A certification that demonstrates foundational networking knowledge, covering IP, security, wireless, virtualization, automation, and programmability.
What tools does Cisco offer for learning and jobs in networking?
NetAcad: Online resources and employment opportunities.
Packet Tracer: A simulation environment for network configuration training.
What is the OSI model?
A reference model dividing networking functions into seven layers.
What is the TCP/IP model?
A reference model for network communication divided into four layers; it focuses on protocols for end-to-end data transmission.
What is a Protocol Data Unit (PDU)?
The name for data at each OSI layer (e.g., bits, frames, packets, segments, data).
Q: What is a MAC address?
A: The unique identifier for network interfaces at the data link layer (Layer 2 of the OSI).
Q: What is an IP address?
A: A unique 32-bit address (in IPv4) assigned to devices on a TCP/IP network for identification and location.
Q: What is a subnet mask?
A: A 32-bit address indicating which part of the IP address refers to the network and which part refers to the host.
Q: What happens when sender and receiver are on the same network?
A: Data link frames are sent directly, using MAC addresses for local delivery.
Q: What happens if sender and receiver are on different networks?
A: IP addresses are used to route data through intermediary(промежуточный) devices to the correct destination.
Q: What is a protocol?
A: A set of rules and conventions(agreement) for communication between network devices.
Q: What is a standard?
A: Agreed-upon rules or procedures widely used or officially specified for network operations.
