Lecture 14: Network Address Translation

Question 1

What is the primary purpose of NAT?

Answer 1

To translate private IP addresses to public IP addresses, helping to conserve public IPv4 addresses.

Question 2

List the private IP address ranges.

Answer 2

• 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0/8)
• 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (172.16.0.0/12)
• 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (192.168.0.0/16)

Question 3

What is Static NAT?

Answer 3

One-to-one translation of private to public IP addresses, configured manually.

Question 4

Describe Dynamic NAT.

Answer 4

Many-to-many translation, where a pool of public IP addresses is used to translate private IP addresses.

Question 5

What is Port Address Translation (PAT)?

Answer 5

Many-to-one translation; multiple private IP addresses are translated to a single public IP address using different port numbers.

Question 6

Explain the difference between Inside Local and Inside Global addresses.

Answer 6

• Inside Local: Private IP address assigned to a host on the inside network.
• Inside Global: Public IP address that the Inside Local address is translated to.

Question 7

Explain the difference between Outside Local and Outside Global addresses.

Answer 7

• Outside Local: Public IP address of a host on the outside network, as seen by the inside network.
• Outside Global: Public IP address of a host on the outside network.

Question 8

Give the command to configure Static NAT.

Answer 8

R1(config)#ip nat inside source static 192.168.10.254 209.165.201.5

Question 9

List the steps to configure Dynamic NAT.

Answer 9

1. Create a pool of public addresses.
2. Create a standard ACL with private addresses.
3. Bind the ACL to the pool.
4. Identify inside and outside interfaces.

Question 10

Give the command to configure PAT.

Answer 10

R2(config)# ip nat inside source list 1 interface serial 0/1/1 overload

Question 11

What is NAT64?

Answer 11

A translation mechanism to facilitate communication between IPv4 and IPv6 networks.

Question 12

What commands are used to verify NAT configurations?

Answer 12

R2# show ip nat translations and R2# show ip nat statistics