Lecture 1: Organization And Operation Flashcards
(127 cards)
1
Q
_______ is responsible for moving an organization along its strategic path
A
Management
2
Q
What is the Peter Principle?
A
Rise of the level of incompetence
You keep moving up in organization because you’re competent. May not be competent in the next step
3
Q
People in managerial roles are _____
A
Incompetent….or else they would be promoted to the next level
4
Q
The movement of an organization along its strategic path is accomplished by _____ ______ and _________ and then working to achieve them
A
Setting goals and objectives
5
Q
Management is responsible for the ______ of the organization
A
Success
6
Q
Why Organize?:
When two or more people work together there is a need to ________ their efforts
A
Coordinate
7
Q
Why Organize?:
Organizations are _______ or _______
A
Dynamic or extinct!
8
Q
Organizational Restructuring:
Very common in _________
Each time the structure changes, ________ is affected as people become accustomed to new jobs, new relationships
Effective management is necessary to help people through the _______ and _______
A
Healthcare
PRODUCTIVITY
Transitions and changes
9
Q
Organizational Success:
Success depends upon what?
A
The ability of management to maintain an EFFECTIVE work force
10
Q
Organizational Success:
Work force is prepared to work effectively under constantly changing _______ ________
A
Performance expectations
11
Q
Organizational Success: What is the one thing that has not change in healthcare?
A
The people involved! Still need personnel
12
Q
Organizational Success: Tele-health is growing, but it will not replace _____ __________
A
Human brainpower
13
Q
What are the THREE parts of an organization?
A
Operating core
Management
Support
14
Q
Parts of an organization: The operating core does what?
A
Actually does the work of the organization
15
Q
Parts of an organization: Management does what?
A
Coordinates activities
16
Q
Parts of an organization: As organization grows, what else grows?
A
management
17
Q
Parts of an organization: What does support do?
A
Supports activities of the operating core and management
18
Q
Parts of an organization: Example of operating core?
A
PT, PTA, aides
19
Q
Parts of an organization: Example of management
A
May be PTs, but could also be a director of the organization who could be an OT/SLP
20
Q
Parts of an organization: Example of support?
A
Billing services, scheduling services, cleaning
21
Q
Parts of an organization: Can support be off site?
A
Yes
22
Q
Operating core: Regardless of TYPE of organization, there are the people who actually _____ ____ ____
A
DO THE WORK
23
Q
Operating core:
Aides are not directly delivering services, but are _______ of the services the PT offers
SPT is not the direct responsible person, but are _______ the services
A
Extension
Delivering
24
Q
Management Functions:
What are the two types of management functions?
A
Executive management
Middle management
25
Executive management: Has _____ decision making authority
Responsibility for what?
HIGH
Overall organizational performance
26
Middle management: Connects what two parts?
Executive management and the operating core
27
Middle management: _____ decision making authority, more responsibility for what?
Less
Day to day operations
28
Support functions include who?
The technical support staff
29
The technical support staff does what?
STANDARDIZING tasks and helping organization adapt to environmental changes
30
Support functions: Departments that support the work of the _____ ______ but are not directly related to the _______ of its work
Operating core
Performance
31
Examples of support functions?
PR, mail room, cleaning staff
32
Operating structure of an organization:
Organization according to _________
Balancing ____ _____ _________
- _______ ____ _____ between employees
- _________ of work between two or more employees to achieve a common goal.
Mintzberg (1979)
TWO OPPOSING REQUIREMENTS
- Division of work
- Coordination
33
Work coordination involves what 3 things?
Work standardization
Supervision
Mutual accommodation
34
Work standardization:
______ the need for direct supervision and mutual accommodation
Reduces
35
Work standardization: Standardize work through the use of _____ and _____
Policies and procedures
36
Work standardization: Use of ________ (_____) standards
Outcome (output)
37
Work standardization: Skill standardization, including what?
Graduate of PT program, licensed
38
Work standardization: Standardized treatment program including what?
Care paths
Treatment protocols
39
Supervision:
_____ and _______ of the work of another person
Control and direction
40
Supervision:
________ can control the work of a group, with the work of another group
Supervisor
41
Supervision: You have the ability to ______, still have responsibility, though
Delegate
42
Mutual accommodation: This is the ______ method of work coordination
Simplest
43
Mutual accommodation: Interaction between ________ that results in _________ ________ between individuals toward the achievement of their _______ ______
Individuals
Continuous adjustment
Shared goals
44
What are external factors influencing operating structure of the health care environment? (4)
Customers
Competitors
Demographic shifts
Economic climate
45
External factors influencing operating structure: Why should you look at the customers?
If you are doing peds, for example, you want to make sure that you are not opening up your clinic in a senior living area
46
External factors influencing operating structure: Why should you look at competitors?
Who is out there doing the same thing?
| Is there a need for additional services?
47
External factors influencing operating structure: Why should you look at demographic shifts?
Population that you treat may not be there anymore, may not be a problem anymore
48
What are the two subgroups of economic climate?
Government regulation
Technological innovation (telehealth)
49
What are internal factors influencing operating structure? (5)
Ownership
Production technology
Culture
Size
Age
50
What are the 3 types of ownership?
Private
Public
Government
51
What is private ownership?
Owner has the right to establish the business purpose
52
What is public ownership?
Stock representing an owner interested
traded to members of the public through stock exchange
Group of stockholders is diverse
53
What is gov’t ownership?
Directly owned by government
Indirectly owned by people living in the area
54
What are the 3 production technologies?
Unit production
Mass production
Process production
55
What is unit production?
Customer specific requirements
Health care is patient specific
56
What is mass production?
Production of a large volume of a product
Some therapy is mass produced
57
What is process production?
Production technology of large quantities of liquid or gas: things like electricity
58
Culture: The patterns of social interaction that occur ________ within the organization
Normally
59
Culture is _____ and ______ with others
LEARNED
SHARED
60
Size and age...
As organizations age...
_____ increases
______ __ ______ increases
Resulting in ______, more complex management structure, and differentiation of _________ _______
SIZE
Division of labor
Larger
Organizational subunits
61
What are the 5 stages of business development?
1. Craft stage
2. Entrepreneurial stage
3. Bureaucratic stage
4. Divisionalized stage
5. Adhocracy/matrix
62
Stages of business development: What occurs in the craft stage?
Organization is SMALL
Little if any division of labor
All members equally competent in providing services
63
Stages of business development: What occurs in the entrepreneurial stage?
DIVISION of labor is necessary
64
Stages of business development: What occurs in the bureaucratic stage?
Highly specialized jobs
Hierarchy of authority
Standardization
65
Stages of business development: what occurs in the divisionalized stage?
Manifested as VERTICAL INTERGRATION
66
Stages of business development: What happens in adhocracy/matrix?
Specialists are arranged by speciality and service
67
What is the advantage of an adhocracy/matrix?
Integrating the service and admin of the service
68
Organizational structure defined by operations:
How the organization actually _____ and _____ is related to the way in which it ______ ____ ________
Evolves and works
Manages it operations
69
Operations Management:
Good management will make ______ ___________
Management is:
Leadership is:
Good organization
Doing the right things
Doing things right
70
What are the 3 management activities?
Planning
Direction
Evaluation
71
Can you do planning without evaluation?
No. You cannot do planning, direction or evaluation without the other.
72
PT is a _____ intensive field
LABOR
73
Consider the costs associated with providing the PT service: (4)
Overhead expenses
Equipment
Supplies
LABOR
74
What is the most costly part of any organizational structure?
LABOR
75
Business plan: This is a must have!
Forces you to put on paper exactly what you are going to do with your (4 things):
CASH
TIME
EFFORTS
Location to the most exacting detail
76
Your business plan is a ____, ______, an opportunity for ______
Map
Compass
Direction
77
The organizational chart is what?
A graphic representation of the organizational structure
78
The organizational chart is the relationship between who?
Owners
Management
Support functions
Operating core
79
The organizational chart will indicate the lines of _____ and _____
Communication and control
80
Design of the Organizational Chart:
Structures are typically _______
Who is at the top?
The chart describes the ______ and ________ of positions within the organization
PYRAMIDS
Most senior management at the top
Authority and Responsibilities
81
Generally, just the ______ goes into the chart... not the ____
Title
Name
82
The job description: The outcome of the _____ _____ _____ for a particular position in an institution
Work design process
83
The job description must contain what?
It needs to describe what?
Certain elements
FUNCTION of the job, not the individual characteristics of a person
84
What are 8 job description elements?
1. Organizational relationships of the position
2. Listing of job duties with details yet latitude
3. Description of decision making ability (authority) of job
4. Applicable work standards
5. Description of minimal qualifications
6. Performance expectations
7. Responsibility for the work of others
8. Methods by which work will be coordinated with the work of others
85
Performance standards and eval:
Job description sets forth the job ______ and related employee _______
Duties
Capabilities
86
Performance standards and eval:
Performance duties determine how these duties are to be __________
Performed
87
Performance standards and eval:
Employee performance is measured against these _____ ______
Performance standards
88
Performance management is what?
Managing how employees perform is a key role of any manager
89
Performance management: Is performance _____ _____/ _____ ____ expected?
Better than
Less than
90
Performance management: The manager can provide support to _______ performance by..
Make good performance ______
Make poor performance ______
Change
Better
Acceptable
91
Policies and procedure:
| The statements that guide the _____ of the organization and the ______ in the organization
Action
Employees
92
What is a policy?
A written statement that defines an action that is to be taken in an organization
93
What is a procedure?
A description of how the action is to be accomplished
94
Necessity for Policies and Procedures:
To _________ that activities are done
To make sure that actions of the organization are ______ applied to all consumers and all employees
Guarantee
Fairly
95
Some concrete reasons for developing and implementing policies and procedures:
Meet _______ or other agencies requirements
Not have to rely on _____ over time
Demonstrate thoughtful attention to the _____ of the business to stakeholders over time
_____ management
Compliance with ____ and _____ law
Licensing
Memory
Details
Risk
Federal and state
96
The policy and procedure manual:
Is only valuable if it is ____
Used
97
The policy and procedure manual:
It must be _______
Online and searchable
Accessible
98
The policy and procedure manual:
Current and ______
Relevant
99
The policy and procedure manual:
| Consistent in ________
Format..
Should have DOs
Not do nots
100
The policy and procedure manual:
Emphasize ______ rather than what is not acceptable
Expectations
101
The policy and procedure manual:
Include history of ______ to the document
Changes
102
What are some types of policies and procedures?
```
Hospital organization
General departmental
HR policies
Staff development and training
Operational
Treatment
Specific protocols for treatment
Interdepartmental
Safety and infection control
```
103
When writing a policy, it needs to be _____
Enduring
104
A policy address what 4 things?
Who what when where
105
When writing a procedure:
The wording tends to allow some _______
As long as the ___ and _____ of the procedure is reached
The procedure will change as the _______ changes
Variation
Intent and outcome
Organization
106
Policy procedure layout should include what 6 things?
```
Title and tracking number
Effective date
Review/revision date
Policy
Procedure
Approval Signature
```
107
Policy procedure layout: What is involved in the subcategory of policy?
```
Purpose
Persons affected
Scope
Background
Definitions
```
108
What policy procedure category includes responsibilities?
Procedure
109
What are examples of interdepartmental policies? (6)
Materials management
Communications
Medical records
Payroll
Cafeteria
Maintenance
110
Interdepartmental Policies:
Materials management includes?
Purchase order policies
111
Interdepartmental Policies:
Communications includes?
Spokesperson of the institution
112
Interdepartmental Policies:
Medical records includes?
Retention of records
113
Interdepartmental Policies:
payroll includes?
Pay period deadlines
114
Interdepartmental Policies:
Cafeteria includes?
Access to employee privileges
115
Interdepartmental Policies:
Maintenance includes?
Cleaning responsibilities
116
What are the 5 policy types?
```
Hospital organization
(Organizational committee structure)
```
Departmental
(Continuing Ed request)
Human Resources
(Snow policy)
Treatment
(Use of whirlpool)
Safety and inflection control
(Filing of incident reports)
117
Purpose of policies and procedure: Internal or external?
Communicate performance
Internal
118
Purpose of policies and procedure: Internal or external?
Set standards to measure performance
Internal
119
Purpose of policies and procedure: Internal or external? Meet state licensure requirement
External
120
Purpose of policies and procedure: Internal or external?
Manage/control work flow
Internal
121
Purpose of policies and procedure: Internal or external? Meet state and federal certification
Ext
122
Purpose of policies and procedure: Internal or external?
Educate manages/staff
Establish/clarify responsiblity
Internal
123
Purpose of policies and procedure: Internal or external? Meet requirements for accreditation
External
124
Purpose of policies and procedure: Internal or external? Limit insurance premiums by limiting risk
Ext
125
Purpose of policies and procedure: Internal or external? Control employee interaction with the community?
External
126
Purpose of policies and procedure: Internal or external?
Limit organizational liability
Standardize output
Internal
127
Purpose of policies and procedure: Internal or external?
Protect rights
Internal
