Lecture 1: Primer To Immunology Flashcards
(24 cards)
Extracellular bacteria cause disease by 2 principal pathogenic mechanisms. What are they?
1) bacteria induce inflammation which results in tissue destruction at the site of infection
2) Bacteria produce toxins with pathologic effects -> endotoxins and exotoxins
Extracellular bacteria produce toxins with pathologic effects. ____________ are components of bacterial cell walls and ____________ are actively secreted by the bacteria.
Endotoxins; exotoxins
How is tissue damage caused by intracellular bacteria?
The tissue damage is caused by the host response - inflammation rather than by bacterial factors
Classic examples of host response-mediated pathogensis are seen in _______________
Tuberculosis
- Intracellular!
What 4 cell types mediate intracellular pathogens?
CTLs
NK cells
T cells
Macrophages
What mediates extracellular pathogens?
Abs
Complement
Neutrophils
LPS is characteristic of what type of bacteria?
Gram negative
A thick peptidoglycan cell wall is characteristic of what type of bacteria?
Gram positive
Which of the following does not apply to the innate immune system? A) Absence of specificity B) Activation by a stimulus C) Involvement of multiple cell types D) A memory component
D) A memory component
- Innate immunity has none of the Ag specificity exhibited by acquired immunity. It is activated by such stimuli as the invasion of the foreign particles into the body.
Which of the following is the major function of the lymphoid system? A) Innate immunity B) Inflammation C) Phagocytosis D) Acquired Immunity E) None of the above
D) Acquired immunity
- The major function of the lymphoid system is the recognition of foreign Ag by lymphocytes, which leads to the acquired immune response
What is the major property of immunologic adjuvants?
A) They reduce the toxicity of the immunogenicity
B) They enhance the immunogenicity of happens
C) They enhance hematopoiesis
D) They enhance the immune response against the immunogenicity
E) They enhance immunologic cross-reactivity
D) They enhance the immune response against immunogenicity
What is an immunologic adjuvant?
A substance that when mixed with an immunogen, enhances the immune response against that immunogen
Does an immunologic adjuvant enhance cross-reactivity or hematopoiesis?
No
Does an immunologic adjuvant enhance the immune response against a hapten?
No
How does an immunologic adjuvant change the possible toxicity of an immunogen?
It doesnt! It has no relevance to possible toxicity of an immunogen and only enhances the immune response against the immunogen
Can haptens stimulate secondary Ab responses without carriers?
No!
Can haptens interact with specific Abs even if the hapten is monovalent?
Yes!
Can haptens react with specific Abs when homologous carriers are not employed?
Yes!
What do haptens require to be immunogenic?
Carrier molecules
Which of he following apply uniquely to secondary lymphoid organs? A) Presence of precursor B and T cells B) Circulation of lymphocytes C) Terminal differentiation D) Cellular proliferation E) All of the above
C) Terminal differentiation
How is protection against smallpox provided by prior infection with cowpox an example of Ag cross-reactivity?
Immunization with cowpox leads to the production of Abs capable of reacting with smallpox because the 2 viruses share several identical or structurally similar determinants
What is the main requirement for immunogenicity?
The substance must be foreign to the immunized individual
At what age does he Ab-mediated immunity conferred from mother to fetus begin waning off?
At 6 months old
What are 2 major warning signs of primary immunodeficiency?
Ear and sinus infections
