lecture 1 resp signs and symptoms

Question 1

sign

Answer 1

what you find on physical examination

Question 2

symptom

Answer 2

what the patients complains of

Question 3

a patient with heart failure symptoms

Answer 3

breathlessless
peripheral oedema
night sweats

Question 4

swelling of the face or arms could be

Answer 4

obstructed superior vena cava

Question 5

how might the superior vena cava be obstructed

Answer 5

lung in the right upper lobe

Question 6

what disease presents with voice alteration

Answer 6

laryngeal disease

Question 7

fancy word for breathlessness

Answer 7

dyspnoea

Question 8

drug which may increase cough sensitivity

Answer 8

ACE inhibitor

Question 9

what is found in green sputum

Answer 9

myeloperoxidase

Question 10

what cells contain myeloperoxidase

Answer 10

eosinophils and neutrophils

Question 11

two conditions you might have green sputum

Answer 11

infection

asthma

Question 12

why do you get green sputum with asthma

Answer 12

presence of eosinophils

Question 13

what is bronchiectasis

Answer 13

dilation of the airways

accumulation of mucus

Question 14

cancer which produces lots of mucus

Answer 14

Bronchoalveolar carcinoma

Question 15

what type of sputum does Bronchoalveolar carcinoma produce

Answer 15

bronchorrhea - watery

Question 16

bad smelling sputum has what in it

Answer 16

anaerobes

Question 17

what is bad smelling mucus an indicator of

Answer 17

absess

Question 18

coughing up blood

Answer 18

Haemoptysis

Question 19

serious conditions coughing up blood is for

Answer 19

lung cancer

TB

Question 20

what is wheezing

Answer 20

turbulent flow

Question 21

why do you get wheezing

Answer 21

obstructed airway

Question 22

common wheezing diseases

Answer 22

asthma

COPD

Question 23

stridor

Answer 23

inspiratory noise

Question 24

when does a wheeze happen

Answer 24

on expiration

Question 25

why is there an obstructed airway in asthma

Answer 25

contracted bronchiole smooth muscle thickening of the basement membrane infiltration of eosinophils goblet cell hyperplasia

Question 26

describe pleuritic chest pain

Answer 26

stabbig localised worse on inspiration

Question 27

in pleauritic chest pain where is the pain coming from

Answer 27

sensory fibers on the parietal pleura

Question 28

in respiratory system where are there no pain fibres

Answer 28

lungs and visceral plaura

Question 29

two important signs

Answer 29

clubbing | central cyanosis

Question 30

what does central cyanosis look like

Answer 30

blue tounge

Question 31

where does the blue colour come from in central cyanosis

Answer 31

deoxygenated haemoglobin

Question 32

finger clubbing is a key sign of

Answer 32

lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis and bronchiectasis

Question 33

Ataraxis

Answer 33

flapping tremor of the hands

Question 34

why do you get Ataraxis

Answer 34

retaining carbon dioxide

Question 35

intercostal indrawing

Answer 35

skin gets pulled in

Question 36

who does pursped lip breathing

Answer 36

COPD

Question 37

what may horners syndrome symptoms be because of

Answer 37

apex lung cancer

Question 38

an apical lung cancer could obstruct the

Answer 38

brachial plexus

Question 39

what might you notice with an apical lung tumour

Answer 39

mucles wasting in the hand

Question 40

Pectus carinatum also known as

Answer 40

pigeon chest

Question 41

Pectus carinatum is due to

Answer 41

long standing airway obstruction

Question 42

Pectus excavatum also known as

Answer 42

funnel chest

Question 43

looking at expansion which side is always the one with pathology

Answer 43

the one that expands the least

Question 44

where would you asses mediastinal shift

Answer 44

palpate the trachea

Question 45

when palpating the trachea what distance would you measure

Answer 45

cricosternal distance

Question 46

how will a collapsed lung affect the mediastinum

Answer 46

pull it towards

Question 47

what disease would make the cricosternal distance smalled

Answer 47

COPD

Question 48

normal breath sounds

Answer 48

vesicular

Question 49

what is crackles due to

Answer 49

Crackles is due to the opening of occluded small airways

Question 50

classic crackle diseases

Answer 50

pneumonia, bronchiectasis and pulmonary fibrosis

Question 51

describe the crackling in pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 51

high pitch at the base of the lung posteriorly on inspiration

Question 52

pleural rub sound

Answer 52

creaking

Question 53

consolidation

Answer 53

Dull percussion Bronchial breath sounds Crackles Increased vocal resonance

Question 54

plaural effusion

Answer 54

``` Mediastinal shift away Decreased chest expansion Stony dullness Diminished breath sounds Decreased vocal resonance ```

Question 55

airway obstruction

Answer 55

expiratory wheeze

Question 56

pneumothorax

Answer 56

``` Mediastinum shifted away Reduced chest expansion Hyperresonant percussion Diminished breath sounds Reduced vocal resonance ```

Question 57

collapse

Answer 57

``` Pulls the mediastinum Reduced chest expansion Dullness Diminished breath sounds Possibly crackles Reduced vocal resonance ```

Question 58

unilateral fibrosis

Answer 58

Mediastinum pulled Chest expansion reduced Dulness Crackles