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block 13 anna > lecture 12 pharmacology unfinished > Flashcards

lecture 12 pharmacology unfinished Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

two types of cell in the heart

A

myocytes

pacemakers

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2
Q

SAN where

A

junction between the superior vena cava and the right atrium

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3
Q

where is the AVN

A

base of the atrial septum

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4
Q

bundle of his where

A

interventricular septum

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5
Q

what does the bundle of his separate into

A

right and left purkinje fibers

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6
Q

fastest conduction and why

A

bundle and purkinje

so the ventricle contracts as one

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7
Q

what is complete heart block

A

electrical impulses cant cross annulus fibrosus

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8
Q

APR

A

absolute refractory period

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9
Q

RPR

A

relative refractory period

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10
Q

what is the resting membrane potential

A

neg

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11
Q

why is resting potential neg

A

potassium freely moves out

negative impermeable ions in the cell

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12
Q

what causes depolarisation

A

calcium influx

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13
Q

P wave

A

spread of excitation through atria

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14
Q

P-R

A

atria contract

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15
Q

AVN blocks

A

1st
2nd (mobitz 1 and 2)
complete

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16
Q

tachycardias

A

SVT

VT

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17
Q

mobitz type 2

A

QRS dosent follow P

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18
Q

why are we worried about mobitz type 2

A

has the potential to develop into CHB

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19
Q

what sign would there be with CBH

A

either no radial or very slow

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20
Q

cause of CHB

A

ischemia

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21
Q

what would you give someone with CBH

A

beta 1 agonist: adrenaline/isoprnaline

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22
Q

what does BBB show as

A

widened QRS

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23
Q

difference between AF and atrial flutter

A

flutter dosent resolve the steady line

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24
Q

Torsades de pointes

A

this is VT

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25
causes of Torsades de pointes
heart block hypokalemia/hypomagnesemia drugs (tricyclic antidepressant overdose) congenital long QT syndrome
26
management of arrhythmias non pharma
vagotonic manouvres
27
other management of arhhythmias
DC cradioversion pacemaker surgery/ablation drugs
28
what is atropine
anticholinergic agent
29
what would you use to treat bradycardia
atropine
30
what would you use to treat bradycardia with spinal injury
theophylline
31
phase 0
depolarisation of the mebrane | influx of sodium
32
which drugs affect phase 0
class 1 - prolong depolarisation
33
phase 1
short period of repolarisation | outflow of potassium
34
phase 2
inward movement of calcium
35
what drugs affect phase 2
class 4
36
phase 3
second repolarisation | potassium moves out of cells
37
what class affects phase 3
class 3
38
example of a class 3 drug
amiodarone
39
what is phase 4
resting
40
class 1 name
sodium channel blocker
41
class 1 example
disopyramide
42
class 1 is used for
SVT and VT
43
class 2 name
beta blockers
44
class 2 example
atenolol
45
what does class 2 do
blocks SAN conduction
46
class to is used in
SVT
47
class 3 name
potassium channel blocker
48
class 3 example
amioderone
49
what does classs 3 do
lengthen the action potential
50
class 3 used for
SVT and VT
51
class 4 name
calcium channel blocker
52
class 4 example
veramapril
53
class 4 do?
blocks SAN and AVN conduction
54
class 4 used 4
SVT
55
class 1a drugs block
sodium channel
56
what does 1a reduce
rate of depolarisation
57
what does 1a prolong
duration of the action potential
58
class 1b block
sodium channel
59
class 1b reduces
rate of depolarisation
60
class 1b shortens
duration of the action potantial
61
class 1c blocks
sodium channel
62
class 1 c and depolarisation
reduces the rate
63
class 1c action potential
no affect
64
class 2 reduces
sytmpathetic effect
65
class 3 blocks
potassium channel
66
class 4
calcium channel blockers
67
amioderone class
mainly 3 | some 1 and 2
68
sotalol class
``` beta blocker also some class 3 ```
69
adenosine MOA
potassium channel activator
70
effects of adenosine
slow the pacemaker | slow AVN conduction
71
what is adenosine used for
SVT
72
digoxin MO
blocks the sodium potassium ATPase channel, linked to the sodium calcium exchanger channel increase in intracellular sodium so there is reduced calcium exchanged with the sodium.
73
digoxin effect
slow AVN conduction | positive inotropic effect
74
digoxin is used for
AF and AF in congestive heart failure
75
magnesium MOA
calcium channel blocker
76
atropine class
antimuscarinic
77
atropine increases
firing of SAN and AVN conduction
78
atropine is used for
bradycardia
79
how is digoxin removed
entrirely renally excreted unchanged
80
bad point about digoxin
low therapeutic window | gynocamastia
81
digoxin interacts with
diuretics amioderone veramapril
82
lidocaine is for
VT when you cant use amioderone
83
lidocaine class
``` class 3 blocks sodium channels ```
84
beta blockers are used for
hypertension, IHD, arrhythmias and heart failure
85
Contraindications of beta blockers
asthma, cardiogenic shock, hypotension and AV block
86
calcium channel blcokers are used for
hypertension, angina and arrhythmia

block 13 anna (13 decks)

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