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block 13 anna > lecture 9 cardiac symptoms and signs > Flashcards

lecture 9 cardiac symptoms and signs Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

cardinal cardiac symptoms

A

chest pain
breathlessness
palpitations
syncope

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2
Q

syncope

A

temporary loss of consciousness usually related to insufficient blood flow to the brain

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3
Q

chest pain description

A

tightness

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4
Q

where can chest pain radiate

A

arms and jaw

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5
Q

what aggravates ischemic chest pain

A

exertion
cold
eating

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6
Q

typical angina provoked by

A

exertion or emotional stress

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7
Q

typical angina relived by

A

rest

GTN spray

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8
Q

what does GTN do

A

vasodilation

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9
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the pericardium

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10
Q

most common cause of pericarditis

A

viral

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11
Q

pericarditis pain worse with

A

inhilation

lying flat

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12
Q

signs of pericarditis

A

pericardial rub

shallow breathing

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13
Q

pericarditis ECG

A

concave ST elevation

PR depression

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14
Q

P wave represents

A

atrial contraction

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15
Q

QRS

A

ventricle contraction

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16
Q

T wave

A

ventricular relaxation

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17
Q

chest pain radiating to the back is a sign of

A

aortic disection

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18
Q

aortic disection

A

tear in the aorta

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19
Q

where else may you feel pain from aortic disection

A

abdo

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20
Q

D dimer tests

A

clots

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21
Q

dyspnoea

A

abnormal uncomfortable awareness of breathing

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22
Q

tachypnoea

A

fast breathing

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23
Q

cardiac breathlessness causes

A

pulmonary oedema and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea

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24
Q

signs of pulmonary oedema

A

pink frothy sputum, orthopnea and being clammy

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25
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
wake from sleep, cough, wheeze, have to sit up, frightening and it lasts 15-30 mins
26
othopnoea
SOB lying flat
27
enlarged heart
cardiomegaly
28
why might you get ankle oedema
baby presses against IVC immobility drugs low albumin
29
what could you look for in the blood if you suspect heart failure
BND, it is released from myocytes when they are stretched
30
you may neck rubbing cause syncope
carotid sinus hypersensitivity
31
palma erythema occurs with
RA
32
splinter heamorrhages
vasculitis | endocarditis
33
how does central cyanosis present
blue tounge
34
Xanthelasma
cholesterol deposits around the eyes
35
Corneal arcus
cholesterol and lipid deposits around the edge of the iris
36
what type of pulse in aortic stenosis
slow rising pulse
37
aortic regurgitation pulse
collapsing
38
cardiac causes of clubbing
congenital cyanotic heart disease, infective endocarditis and atrial myxoma and patent ductus arteriosus
39
where would you see ductus arteriosus clubbing
feet
40
what is atrial myxoma
tumour in the atrium
41
first heart sound
mitral and tricuspid shutting
42
second heart sound
aortic and pulmonary shutting
43
high JVP
heart failure, constrictive pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, renal disease and SVC obstruction
44
large A wave
pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid stenosis, ventricular tachycardia or heart block
45
steep Y descent
constrictive pericarditis
46
what happens to JVP when you breathe in
goes down
47
cushmores sign
JVP goes up when you breathe in
48
where is apex beet
5h intercostal space midclavicular line
49
thrills
palpable murmur
50
heaves is a sign of
left ventricular hypertrophy
51
when is the third heart sound
beginning of diastole
52
third heart sound descibe
low pitch
53
what heart sound is benign in young people and athletes
third
54
what is the third heart sound in heart failure
blood back and forth between the walls of the ventricles
55
forth heart sound indicates
left ventricular hypertrophy or aortic stenosis
56
when is the fourth heart sound
before the first heart sound at the end of diastole
57
fourth heart sound why
blood being forced into a stiff ventricle
58
when might you get a flow murmur
prosthetic valve
59
aortic valve prosthesis murmur
systolic ejection murmur
60
Mitral valve prosthesis
diastolic flow murmur

block 13 anna (13 decks)

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