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Kinesiology 121 > Lecture 10-11 > Flashcards

Lecture 10-11 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What is torque?

A

Motion that is generated by forces acting on levers about axes. Muslce contractions.

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2
Q

What is the force of a contraction dependant on?

A

The resistance

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3
Q

What is the origin?

A

The proximal attachment (closer to centre of body)

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4
Q

What is the insertion?

A

The distal attachment (away form the centre of the body)

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5
Q

What are prime movers called?

A

agonists

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6
Q

What are opposing muscles called?

A

Antagonists

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7
Q

Does each lever have muscles on opposing sides in all appendicular skeletal segements?

A

Yes

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8
Q

What are fixators?

A

Stabilizers that hold the other bones that the muscles are attached to in place

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9
Q

What are synergists?

A

Secondary movers that assist with actions.

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10
Q

What is muscle function and mobility influenced by? (5)

A
  1. Fibre strength
  2. Fibre flexibility
  3. Tendons
  4. Stress
  5. Coordination
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11
Q

Where does the sternocleidomastoid attach?

A

Base of the skull (dist) to sternum and clavicle (prox)

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12
Q

What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid? (2)

A

Flexes neck when both sides contract and flexes laterally when one side contracts.
Rotates head when one side contracts.

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13
Q

Where does the erector spinae (upper) attach?

A

Superior to the base of the skull running vertically along all vertebra to the inferior (sacrum and ilium)

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14
Q

What two muscles are used for lateral flexion of the neck to the right?

A

The right sternocleidomastoid and the right upper erector spinae

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15
Q

Where does the external oblique attach?

A

On the lateral ribs downward to the ant. crest of the ilium, pubis, and linea alba.

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16
Q

What is the function of the external obliques?

A

Trunk flexion and rotation

Pelvis stabilization and tilt backwards

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17
Q

Where do the internal oblique muscles attach?

A

The Linea alba downwards to the lateral crest of the pubis and ilium

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18
Q

What do the internal obliques do?

A

Trunk flexion and rotation

Pelvis stabilization and tilt backwards

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19
Q

Where does the Rectus abdominis attach?

A

Sternum and adjacent ribs to the pubic bone

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20
Q

What is the funciton of the rectus abdominis?

A

Trunk flexion

Pelvis stabilization and tilt backwards

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21
Q

Where does the transversus absominis attach?

A

Linea alba to the lower ribs, rest of ilium, and spine

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22
Q

What is the function of the transversus abdominis?

A

Compresses the abdomen

Spine and trunk stabilization

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23
Q

Where does the erector spinae (lower) attach?

A

The skull, vertebrae, iliac crest, and sacrum.

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24
Q

What is the function of the erector spinae (lower)?

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A

Erect/standing position (anti gravity muscles)

Lower portion extends trunk

25
What are the 3 muscles in the deltoid?
Anterior, Posterior, and Middle
26
Where does the anterior end of the deltoid attach?
Prox: Lateral clavicle Dist: Deltoid tubercle of humerus
27
What is the function of the anterior deltoid?
Shoulder flexion and internal rotation.
28
Where does the middle deltoid attach?
Prox: the lateral clavicle and acromion process Dist: The deltoid tubercle of the humerus
29
What is the function of the middle deltoid?
Shoulder abduction
30
Where is the posterior deltoid attached?
Prox. lateral spine of the scapula | Dist. Deltoid tubercle of humerus
31
What is the function of the posterior deltoid?
Shoulder extension | External rotation
32
Where does the pectoralis major attach?
Prox: The sternum and clavicle | Dist. The bicipital groove
33
What is the function of the pectoralis major?
Horizontal adduction of the humerus Bringing arm down from overhead Internal rotation of humerus
34
Where does the lattisimus dorsi attach?
Prox. Bottom 6 thoracic vertebrae, all lumbar vertebrae, and the sacrum Dist. Passes under arm to the bicipital groove of the humerus
35
What is the funciton of lattisimus dorsi?
Horizontal abduction of the humerus | Bringing arm down from overhead
36
Where does the supraspinatus attach?
Prox. Supraspinous fossa | Dist. Superior of humerus
37
What is the function of the supraspinatus?
Abducts the humerus.
38
Where is the infraspinatus attached?
Prox: Infraspinous foss | Dist. Posterior proximal humerus
39
What is the function of the infraspinatus?
Adducts the humerus | External rotation of the humerus
40
Where does the subscapularis attach?
Prox: subscapular foss | Dist. Anterior proximal humerus.
41
What is the function of the subscapularis?
Adducts humerus | internal rotation of humerus
42
What muscles are in the rotator cuff group? (4)
1. subscapularus 2. infraspinatus 3. Supraspinatus 4. SIS
43
Where does the trapezius attach?
Prox: The base of the skull to thoracic 12 vertebra Dist: Spine of the scapula
44
What is the function of the trapezius?
Scapular stabilization** upper- shoulder elevation middle- shoulder retraction lower- shoulder depression
45
Where does the brachialis attach?
Prox: anterior distal humerus Dist: anterior proximal ulna
46
What is the function of the brachialis?
Elbow flexion
47
Where is the biceps brachii attached?
Prox: Scapula (glenoid fossa and coracoid process) | Dist. Anterior proximal radius
48
What is the function of the biceps brachii?
Elbow flexion, shoulder flexion, and supination
49
Where does the brachioradialis attach?
Prox: anterior distal shaft of humerus Dist: lateral distal radius
50
What is the function of the Brachioradialis?
Elbow flexion
51
Where do the triceps brachii attach?
Prox: long head- inferior to glenod fossa, short head- humerus Dist: Posterior proximal ulna
52
Where do the hand and wrist flexors attach?
Prox: Medial epicondyle of humerus Dist: carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges
53
What is the function of the hand and wrist flexors?
Finger and wrist flexion
54
Where does the forearm pronator attach?
Prox: Medial epicondyle of humerus Dist: Lateral, proximal radius
55
What is the function of the forearm pronator?
Pronation
56
Where do the finger and wrist extensors attach?
Prox: lateral epicondyle of humerus Dist: carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges
57
What is the function of the finger and wrist extensors?
Finger and wrist extension
58
Where does the forearm supinator attach?
Prox: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Dist: medial, proximal radius
59
What is the function of the forearm supinator?
Supination (although biceps are a stronger supinator)

Kinesiology 121 (6 decks)

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