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Paleontology > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What does porifera mean?

A

Grade of organization between the protozoans and the metaozoans

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2
Q

What is a defining characteristic of the phylum porifera?

A

Cells not organized into tissues

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3
Q

Porifera oculum

A

Central cavity opening at top

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4
Q

Porifera choanocyte

A

Generates water current and filers food particles from water

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5
Q

Porifera mesoglea

A

“In-between” structure
Involved in nutrient transfer

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6
Q

Porifera spicules
Composition?

A

Skeleton
Mostly SiO2 and CaCO3

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7
Q

Porifera canals

A

Incurrent water flow
Important in feeding and respiration
Travels to chambers

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8
Q

Porifera habitat

A

Marine or fresh water

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9
Q

Porifera ecology

A

Adults (sessile, benthic)
Larval (motile)

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10
Q

Porifera stratigraphic range

A

Cambrian-present

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11
Q

Stromatoporoidea stratigraphic range

A

Ordovician - Devonian

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12
Q

Stromatoporoidea structures

A

Laminae (horizontal)
Pillars (vertical)
Galleries (spaces)
Fossil calcareous sponges

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13
Q

Stromatoporoidea composition

A

CaCO3

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14
Q

Stromatoporoidea importance

A

Reef builders in Paleozoic
Able to grow in shallow and turbulent water

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15
Q

Archaeocyatha stratigraphic range

A

Lower to upper cambrian

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16
Q

Archaeocyatha structure

A

Inverted conical shape

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17
Q

Archaeocyatha composition

A

CaCO3

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18
Q

Archaeocyatha paleoecology

A

Shallow tropical environments
Deeper than surf zone
Marine, benthic, sessile
Colonial or solitary

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19
Q

Cnidaria tissue organization

A

Diploblastic: epidermis (outside), gastrodermis (stomach)

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20
Q

Cnidaria symmetry

A

External: radial
Internal: bilateral

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21
Q

Cnidaria tentacles

A

Contain cnidocytes (stinging cells)

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22
Q

Cnidaria (hydroid) mouth

A

Opening, doubles as anus
Takes in food and excretes waste

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23
Q

Cnidaria polyps

A

Fixed, abudant in fossil record

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24
Q

Cnidaria medusae

A

Free-swimming, rarely fossilized

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25
General cnidarian life cycle
Successive generations of life-stages (polymorphic) Polyp (asexual phase) Medusae (sexual phase)
26
Cnidaria feeding pattern
Carnivorous (prey on fish, crustaceans)
27
3 classes of cnidaria
Hydrozoa Scyphozoa Anthozoa
28
Cnidaria stratigraphic range
Precambrian - recent
29
Cnidocytes
Unique stinging or adhesive structures Cells containing coiled nematocysts
30
Nematocysts
Fired from cnidocytes to inject venom
31
Hydrozoa stratigraphic range
Precambrian-present
32
Scyphozoa stratigraphic range
Precambrian-present
33
Conulariid stratigraphic range
Proterozoic-Triassic
34
Defining characteristic of rugosa
Wrinkled epitheca
35
Rugosa stratigraphic range
Ordovician-Permian
36
Rugosa composition
CaCO3
37
Rugosa septae
Thin vertical plates; generally laminar, straight
38
Rugosa corallite
Coral skeleton
39
Are rugose corals solitary or colonial?
Both
40
Rugosa calyx
Part that is in contact with the basis of the polyp
41
Rugosa tabulae
Transverse plates; flat, convex or concave
42
Rugosa dissepiments
Curved, angular structures along periphery of coral
43
General life forms of rugosa
Solitary and colonial
44
Horn coral
Solitary rugosa
45
Tabulata stratigraphic range
Ordovician - Permian
46
Are tabulata colonial or solitary?
Always colonial
47
Tabulata corallite
Coral skeleton
48
Tabulata walls
Vertical structure
49
Tabulata pores
At top of structure
50
Tabulata tabulae
Horizontal structure
51
Notable example of tabulata Important characteristic
Favostids ("honeycomb corals") Have diagonal walls
52
Another notable example of tabulata Explain
Halysitid ("chain corals") Septa were infoldings, which allowed for more digestion and better grip to move sediment off structure
53
Scleractinia stratigraphic range
Lower triassic-present
54
Scleractinia composition
CaCO3
55
Is Scleractinia solitary or colonial?
Both
56
Distinguishing feature about the Scleractinia septae
Septa are inserted in multiples of 6
57
Scleractinia zooxanthellae
Dinoflagellates live in the tissues Produces O2, glucose, AA, etc. used by corals to produce fats, carbs, CaCO3, etc. Corals provide the zooxanthellae with a protected
58
Scleractinia calyx
Circular
59
How do Scleractinians differ from Rugose corals?
Arrangement of septa (symmetry) Mineralogy Development over time
60
2 important sites for ediacaran biota
Ediacara Hills (Australia) Mistaken Point (Newfoundland)
61
Importance of Ediacaran biotas
First faunal record from the Precambrian First soft-bodied animals Lived on, or close to the surface of seafloor Medusoids and sea-pens

Paleontology (22 decks)

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