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Paleontology > Lecture 13 > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Universal features of molluscs

A

Mantle, radula and NS

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2
Q

Mantle

A

Produces shell

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3
Q

Radula

A

Hard mouth parts

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4
Q

Complex organs of molluscs

A

Full digestive tract, heart, nerve cords, mantle, gills

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5
Q

7 classes of molluscs

A

Rostrochonchia
Monoplacophora
Polyplacophora
Scaphopoda
Bivalvia
Gastropoda
Cepahalopoda

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6
Q

Rostrochonchia stratigraphic range

A

Late Cambrian - Late Permian

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7
Q

Rostrochonchia composition

A

CaCO3

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8
Q

Rostrochonchia basic structure

A

Similar to bivalves, but with at least one of the shell layers continuous across the dorsal margin - dorsal commissure is missing

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9
Q

Monoplacophora stratigraphic range

A

Cambrian - recent

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10
Q

Monoplacophora life mode

A

Epifaunal

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11
Q

Monoplacophora basic structure

A

Univalved, limpet-shaped
Circular to pear-shaped

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12
Q

Polyplacophora stratigraphic range

A

Upper Cambrian - recent

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13
Q

Polyplacophora commonly

A

Chitons

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14
Q

Polyplacophora composition

A

Aragonite plates

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15
Q

Polyplacophora life mode

A

Benthic, motile

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16
Q

Polyplacophora basic structure

A

Protective shell with 7 or 8 aragonite plates, articulated with one another

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17
Q

Polyplacophora unusual radula

A

Radula has teeth coated with magnetite

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18
Q

Polyplacophora distribution

A

Cosmopolitan, most are herbivorous grazers

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19
Q

Scaphopoda AKA

A

Tusk shells

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20
Q

Scaphopoda composition

A

CaCO3

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21
Q

Scaphopoda life mode

A

Benthic, infaunal, offshore

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22
Q

Scaphopoda stratigraphic range

A

Ordovician? - recent

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23
Q

Scaphopoda basic structure

A

Small tapering curving shell with openings at both ends
Anus located in the upper end
Reduced gills

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24
Q

Scaphopoda tentacles

A

Mouth permanently embedded in sediment; feed on small organisms using tentacles

25
Bivalvia stratigraphic range
Cambrian - recent
26
Bivalvia AKA
Clams
27
Bivalvia composition
CaCO3
28
Bivalvia stratigraphic range
Cambrian - recent
29
Bivalvia valves
Pair of un-equilateral CaCO3 shells, united by dorsal hinge, which often bears teeth Valves can be shut by strong internal muscles and passively opened with ligaments
30
Bivalvia gills
Large
31
Bivalvia mantle cavity
Can be connected to the outer environment by siphons
32
Bivalvia feeding
Suspension feeders
33
Bivalvia shell layers
3 layers Internal nacre layer: hypostracum Intermediate layer: ostracum External layer: periostracum (organic coating)
34
Bivalvia symmetry
Hold valve with exterior of valve in the palm of your hand and with hinge up; the anterior part must be pointed away from you Opening of the pallial sinus is always posterior Umbo (beak) tends to be inclined anteriorly If there are two muscle scars that are unequal, the anterior one is smaller
35
Umbo
Beak
36
Pallial line
Edge of where mantle was
37
Basic soft tissue morphology
Absence of a brain Adductor muscles Ligaments Foot Mantle Siphon
38
What are weak or absent teeth associated with?
Epifaunal life mode
38
What are large hinge teeth often associated with?
Deep burrowing
39
3 types of classifications based on morphoecology
Vagile (motile) Epifaunal (sessile) Infaunal (burrowing)
40
Form for a Pecten
Vagile (motile) Can swim through vigorous and repeated clapping of the valves together/escape predators
41
What organisms use byssal threads?
Mussels
42
Byssal threads
Fix epifaunal (sessile) organisms --> collagen filaments secreted by bivalve to attach to substratum
43
What organisms use epifaunal (sessile) cementation?
Oysters
44
Rudists claim to fame
Reef builders
45
Burrowers shell shape
Bimuscular, equivalve
46
Burrowers pallial sinus significance
Location of siphon
47
Burrower hinge teeth
Contain cardinal teeth and lateral tooth and socket
48
Gastropoda common constituents
Snails and slugs
49
Gastropoda composition
CaCO3 (mainly aragonite)
50
Gastropoda life modes
Sexual (internal and external) Often hermaphroditic/alteration of gender
51
Gastropoda stratigraphic range
Lower Cambrian - present; terrestrial forms since the Carboniferous
52
Gastropoda basic structure
Torsion of the visceral mass Distinctive head, allows predation, eyes
53
Gastropoda radula composition
Chitin
54
Gastropoda operculum
Door-like plate, how they can close themselves up in their shells
55
Gastropoda siphonal canal
Soft tissue siphons
56
Gastropoda unusual forms
Slipper shells, abalones, limpets
57
Gastropoda nutrition
Mostly grazers in the Paleozoic, predatory forms arrive later (shell drillers, etc.)

Paleontology (22 decks)

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