Lecture 10 Flashcards
Applications (10 cards)
What is anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV)?
A conditioned response where patients feel sick before chemotherapy due to environmental cues.
What is the nocebo effect?
Worsening of symptoms due to negative expectations or psychological conditioning.
How does conditioning relate to ANV?
Patients associate clinical settings with nausea from treatment, leading to conditioned responses.
What is latent inhibition?
Pre-exposure to a stimulus without consequences makes it harder to learn associations with it later.
How did Quinn et al. (2017) apply latent inhibition to nausea?
Pre-exposure to placebo GVS reduced nocebo-induced nausea responses in humans.
What is the practical implication of latent inhibition in clinical settings?
Pre-exposing patients to treatment cues could reduce conditioned nausea ethically, without deception.
What is target prevalence?
The frequency of targets in visual search; low prevalence leads to more misses.
How does target prevalence affect screening performance?
Rare targets are missed more often due to low expectations and desensitisation.
What did Wolfe et al. (2013) show about security screeners?
Even trained screeners miss rare items, but training with artificial prevalence can improve detection.
What did Evans et al. (2013) show about cancer detection?
Mammographers missed more cancers under realistic low-prevalence conditions.
