Lecture 3 Flashcards
Learning 1 (16 cards)
What is classical conditioning?
A learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a reflexive response.
Who discovered classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov, through experiments with dogs salivating to a bell.
What is the unconditioned stimulus (US)?
A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response.
What is the conditioned stimulus (CS)?
An originally neutral stimulus that, after association with the US, triggers a response.
What is the conditioned response (CR)?
The learned response to the previously neutral stimulus.
What is extinction in classical conditioning?
When the CS is presented without the US repeatedly, leading to weakening of the CR.
What is spontaneous recovery?
The reappearance of a weakened CR after a pause.
What is generalisation?
The tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the CS.
What is discrimination in conditioning?
Learning to respond only to the specific CS, not similar stimuli.
What is operant conditioning?
Learning where behaviour is controlled by consequences (rewards/punishments).
Who developed operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner.
What is positive reinforcement?
Adding a pleasant stimulus to increase behaviour.
What is negative reinforcement?
Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase behaviour.
What is punishment?
Adding or removing stimuli to decrease behaviour.
What is shaping?
Reinforcing successive approximations to the desired behaviour.
What is blocking?
A phenomenon where prior learning prevents new associations (Rescorla-Wagner model).
