Lecture 4 Flashcards
Learning and Awareness (8 cards)
What is evaluative conditioning?
A change in the liking of a stimulus due to its pairing with another positive or negative stimulus.
How is evaluative conditioning different from classical conditioning?
It involves attitude formation, often without awareness of the pairing.
What does the Lovibond (2003) study argue?
That conscious awareness of the CS-US contingency is necessary for fear conditioning in humans.
What is contingency awareness?
The conscious knowledge of the relationship between stimuli (e.g., CS and US).
What did Shanks (2010) conclude?
That many conditioning effects require conscious knowledge of the contingencies.
What is the role of expectancy in conditioning?
Expecting an outcome influences the strength of conditioned responses.
What is ‘evaluative conditioning without contingency awareness’?
When attitudes change despite lack of awareness of stimulus pairings.
Why is awareness controversial in learning research?
Because traditional associative models assume automatic learning, but newer models highlight cognitive control.
