Lecture 10 Flashcards
Policy (26 cards)
What are the four main components of cancer control policy?
Prevention
Early diagnosis/screening
Effective treatment
Patient experience/palliative care
What shift in disease burden has increased the importance of cancer policy globally?
From communicable to non-communicable diseases
What is the overarching goal of the 2011–2018 UN/WHO cancer control initiatives?
Major reductions in premature deaths and improvements in cancer survival and quality of life
What does SDG 3.4 aim to achieve by 2030?
Reduce premature mortality from NCDs (incl. cancer) by one-third through prevention and treatment
What was the global premature death rate from NCDs in 2019 for 30-year-olds?
17.8%, down from 18.5% in 2015
Name 3 key strategies of the WHO tobacco control policy
Raise taxes
Ban advertising
Support cessation (NRT, services)
When was smoking banned in UK underground stations?
1984 (partial), 1987 (complete)
What year did the UK raise the smoking age to 18?
2007
What two infections are linked to cancer and preventable by vaccine?
HPV and Hep B (liver cancer)
Name 3 occupational exposures linked to cancer
Asbestos
Ionising radiation
Benzene (organic solvents)
Why might cancer screening be ineffective in LMICs?
Poor infrastructure, limited personnel, unaffordable treatments
How often is breast cancer screening offered in the UK?
Every 3 years (women aged 50–70)
What ages are eligible for bowel cancer screening in the UK?
54–74, every 2 years
What three main questions guide UK cancer control policy?
Is the cancer burden equitable?
Are survival rates internationally competitive?
Is the National Cancer Plan effective?
What factors lead to inequalities in cancer outcomes?
Sex
Age
Socioeconomic status
Ethnicity
Geography
Compared to other high-income countries, UK cancer survival is…?
Lower
What is the key reason for poor UK survival?
Late diagnosis
When was the first NHS Cancer Plan introduced?
2000
What are two achievements of the 2000 NHS Cancer Plan?
Increased funding
Reduced deprivation gap in men (but not women)
What are key NHS Long Term Plan goals by 2028?
75% diagnosed at early stage
55,000 more 5-year survivors per year
Faster diagnosis within 28 days
More access to genomic/proton beam testing
What is the purpose of a cancer registry?
To record all cancer cases in a region and track survival/outcomes
What is a PBCR?
Population-Based Cancer Registry
When was tobacco advertising fully banned in the UK?
2003
