Lecture 10

Question 1

What are the lobes of the cerebellum?

Answer 1

Anterior, posterior and flocculonodular lobes

Question 2

What is apart of the flocculonodular lobe?

Answer 2

Flocculus and nodule

Question 3

What structure sits above the medulla?

Answer 3

Flocculus

Question 4

What separates the anterior and posterior lobes?

Answer 4

Primary fissure

Question 5

What is the middle bit of the cerebellum called?

Answer 5

Vermis

Question 6

What are the lobules of the anterior lobe?

Answer 6

Central lobule and anterior part of quadrangular lobule

Question 7

What are the lobules of the posterior lobe?

Answer 7

Posterior part of quadrangular lobule, superior semilunar lobule, inferior semilunar lobule and biventral lobule

Question 8

In the section of the cerebellum what are the leave like structures called?

Answer 8

Folia

Question 9

What nuclei is present in the core of white matter in the cerebellum?

Answer 9

Deep cerebellar nuclei

Question 10

Is there a small region of grey matter in the white matter of the cerebellum?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

What are the four deep cerebellar nuclei?

Answer 11

Dentate, emboliform, globose and fastigial

Question 12

What is the largest deep cerebellar nuclei?

Answer 12

Dentate nucleus

Question 13

What is the most medial deep cerebellar nuclei?

Answer 13

Fastigial

Question 14

What are the three layers of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 14

Molecular layer, Purkinje cell layer and Granule cell layer

Question 15

What is the outer layer of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 15

Molecular

Question 16

What is the middle layer of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 16

Purkinje cell layer

Question 17

What is the inner layer of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 17

Granular layer

Question 18

Where are afferent projection to the cerebellum from?

Answer 18

Spinal cord, pons, vestibular nuclei and inferior olivary nucleus

Question 19

How do afferent projections enter the cerebellum?

Answer 19

Cerebellar peduncles

Question 20

Where are efferent projections of the cerebellum from?

Answer 20

All three lobes of cerebellum

Question 21

Where do most efferent axons of the deep cerebellar nuclei cross and synapse?

Answer 21

Cross the midline and synapse in the thalamus

Question 22

Where does the thalamus send fibres?

Answer 22

Motor cortex

Question 23

Where do deep cerebellar nuclei also send fibres?

Answer 23

Vestibular nuclei, red nucleus and reticular formation

Question 24

What are the three divisions of the cerebellum?

Answer 24

Vestibulocerebellum, spinpcerebellum and pontocerebellum

Question 25

What does the vestibulocerebellum part consist of?

Answer 25

Flocculunodular lobe

Question 26

What is the main function of the vestibulocerebellum part?

Answer 26

Maintaining balance

Question 27

What does the spinocerebellum part consist of?

Answer 27

Vermis

Question 28

What is the main function of the spinocerebellum part?

Answer 28

Posture and muscle tone

Question 29

What does the pontocerebellum part consist of?

Answer 29

Cerebellar hemispheres

Question 30

What is the main function of the pontocerebellum part?

Answer 30

Muscle coordination

Question 31

What happens when there is a midline lesion of the cerebellum?

Answer 31

Disturbance of postural control

Question 32

What happens when there is a unilateral hemispheric lesion of the cerebellum?

Answer 32

Disturbance of coordination in limbs

Question 33

What happens where there is a bilateral cerebellar dysfunction?

Answer 33

Slowed and slurred speech

Question 34

What are the functions of the basal ganglia?

Answer 34

To facilities purposeful movement Inhibit unwanted movements Role in posture and muscle tone

Question 35

What is the basal ganglia?

Answer 35

A number of masses of grey matter located near the base of each cerebral hemisphere

Question 36

What does the basal ganglia include?

Answer 36

Corpus striatum, sub thalamic nucleus and substantia nigra

Question 37

What does the corpus striatum include?

Answer 37

Striatum and pallidum

Question 38

What does the striatum include?

Answer 38

Caudate nucleus and putamen

Question 39

What does the palladium include?

Answer 39

Globus pallidus

Question 40

What is the putamen and globus pallidus called?

Answer 40

Lentiform nucleus

Question 41

Where is the anterior limb of internal capsule between?

Answer 41

Lentiform and caudate nuclei

Question 42

Where is the posterior limb of internal capsule between?

Answer 42

Lentiform nucleus and thalamus

Question 43

Where is the substantial nigra?

Answer 43

Midbrain

Question 44

What is small and sits under the thalamus?

Answer 44

Subthalamic nucleus

Question 45

What does the striatum receive input from?

Answer 45

Cerebral cortex, thalamus and substantial nigra

Question 46

What does the striatum send fibres to?

Answer 46

Globus pallidus and substantia nigra

Question 47

What does the globus pallidus recieve input from?

Answer 47

Straitum and subthalamic nucleus

Question 48

What does the globus pallidus send fibres to?

Answer 48

Thalamus, subthalamic nucleus and pons

Question 49

What does unilateral lesion of the basal ganglia affect?

Answer 49

Contralateral side of body

Question 50

What do lesions of the basal ganglia cause?

Answer 50

Abnormal muscle control and changes in muscle tone

Question 51

What are disorders associated with basal ganglia?

Answer 51

Parkinsons Disease and Huntingtons disease